Publishing schools exams results in league tables ensure that the school has to achieve phenomenal results if they want to attract likes of the consumers. With good league tables in allows the schools to be selective in those pupils they give a confirmed place to with recuiting the high achieving middle class pupils. As a result of this middle class pupils get the best education because of the social class inequality with the education system. So for those with poor league tables they are not in the position to be selective with their pupils and have to offer places to the less able, mainly working class. So their results being unattractive to the middle class parents,
Ricky is faced with a lot of pressure because he must perform well on his SAT test in order to qualify for a scholarship. He also has the added pressure of a young baby he must take care of. The SAT test is another example of the middle class measuring rod and subcultures theory in the film and how it is used to control populations. It suggests because the likelihood of the lower class succeeding in passing is smaller they are more likely to turn to crime and gang behaviour in order to fill that void. This theory does a good job of incorporating the individual and society together however it fails to represent racial discrepancies that can play a large role in society and individuals
If Socrates was ugly, and conventional wisdom during Nietzsche's time was that criminals were ugly, is it not possible to argue that Socrates was not a great man at all, but, in fact, a criminal? And because criminals are seen as decadent, can we not also say Socrates was also decadent? If these things are true, then Nietzsche can feel justified in saying that Socrates was not a great man and that all of the people that followed him through the leadership of Plato were also symptomatic of all that was wrong with Socrates and his form of
Becker concluded that it was much easier for middle class students to meet this ideal since they are better dressed and spoken than their working class counterparts. Thus, working class children are not going to be perceived as academic which will impact the opportunities available to them in school and therefore result in them having negative views of school influencing their attitudes and leading them to form anti-school subcultures. Paul Willis found that working class boys form sub cultures as a response to their limited opportunities. This leads to disengagement from education and underachievement. By contrast, many sociologists have found that the reason the effect of labelling is so great is due to the self-fulfilling prophecy this sociological explanation was examined by Ball he found that pupils who that pupils of similar ability were placed in different streams.
Assess Sociological Explanations for Gender Differences in Crime and Deviance Official crime statistics show that men much more likely to commit crimes than women and there is also a difference in the types of crimes each gender is more likely to commit – women committing shoplifting and men committing more violent crimes. There have been numerous different explanations for gender differences in crime including the chivalry thesis, sex role theory, control theory, and the liberation thesis. However, the official crime statistics are largely questioned by sociologists because it has been argued that they only show the criminal justice system’s view that men are more likely to commit the crimes and therefore they look more for male criminals rather than female ones. The chivalry thesis argue that these official statistics are unrepresentative due to the fact that most of the criminal justice agents – such as police officers, judges or magistrates – are men and they are more likely to treat women in a chivalrous way and therefore be more likely to convict men than women. The main idea of the chivalry thesis is this prospect that men are socialised to act in a way more chivalrous – or gentlemanly – toward women so they end up convicting men more than women.
The Causes of Crime - Right realists reject the idea put forward by Marxists and others that structural or economic factors such as poverty and inequality are the cause for crime. For example, they point out that the old tend to be poor, yet they have a very low crime rate. - Right realists argue that crime is the product of three factors; individual biological differences, inadequate socialisation and the underclass, and rational choice to offend. Individual Biological Differences - James Wilson and Richard Herrnstein (1985) put forward a biosocial theory of criminal behaviour. In their view, crime is caused by a combination of biological and social factors.
Ethnic minorities are also more likely to undertake low-paid, low-skilled work, and the vicious circle that stems from this – inferior housing, poorer living standards, and substandard schools in deprived areas – is actually partly caused by the welfare state system, which institutionalises this discrimination. The unique problems faced by ethnic minorities must be addressed individually, and until recently social policy has failed to do this. Furthermore, the emphasis on tackling crime that has underpinned New Labour's social policy and that of the previous Conservative governments has impacted on ethnic minorities due to the often discriminatory nature of initiatives to cut crime. The ‘stop and search' programme is unfairly targeted toward black youths, to the extent that many believe being black is tantamount to a social problem (McGhee, 2005). Such flaws in British social policy have undoubtedly contributed to a growing sense of isolation amongst ethnic minority groups, and thus it could be argued that social policy is often more harmful than
For instance if there are more employed people in the neighborhood the need for crime should go down, because then people have the means to make a living, and this sets a good example for the children in the communities that see people work hard to have a livelihood. Social control theory is when the norm in one’s household is not the norm for the rest of the community. Social control teaches what the norm is by the right social interaction with the right influencing people. (Barbra D. Warner, 2010) (Justice Research and Statistics Association, 1998-2012) Labeling Theory In choosing the labeling theory, prison rehabilitation I thought most related to one another. The labeling theory is a type of stereotyping for example, once a cheat always a cheat.
Wilkinson and Pickett explore two of the most common assumptions about the social gradient that shows people at the bottom of social hierarchies suffer more problems- circumstances and individual tendencies. The authors, in critiquing the material explanation to societal problems, argue that richer nations should do better than poorer ones. This is a flawed argument, as national wealth does not indicate its distribution. A generally wealthy nation may have poorer diets, less educational opportunities, or worse housing in comparison to a less wealthy nation. Wilkinson and Pickett also give reason as to why everyone in a society should be concerned about inequality, not merely those vulnerable to the problems with which it coincides.
In schools cheating has become so socially acceptable that students think that it is okay to cheat. Schools lack a strong moral code that makes the student’s feel that they need to abide by it. With more people doing it, more people think it might be justified to cheat because others are doing it. Students “cheat because they see others who cheat and they think that they will be unfairly disadvantaged. The cheaters are getting 100 on the exam, while non-cheaters may only get 90’s”.