Lpn Nursing Essay

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L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S
On completion of this chapter, the learner will be able to:
1 Describe the structures and functions of the upper and lower respiratory tracts.
2 Describe ventilation, perfusion, diffusion, shunting, and the relationship of pulmonary circulation to these processes. 3 Discriminate between normal and abnormal breath sounds. 4 Use assessment parameters appropriate for determining the characteristics and severity of the major symptoms of respiratory dysfunction.
5 Identify the nursing implications of procedures used for diagnostic evaluation of respiratory function.
G L O S S A R Y apnea: temporary cessation of breathing bronchophony: abnormal increase in clarity of transmitted voice sounds bronchoscopy: direct examination of larynx, trachea, and bronchi using an endoscope cilia: short hairs that provide a constant whipping motion that serves to propel mucus and foreign substances away from the lung toward the larynx compliance: measure of the force required to expand or inflate the lungs crackles: soft, high-pitched, discontinuous popping sounds during inspiration caused by delayed reopening of the airways diffusion: exchange of gas molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration dyspnea: labored breathing or shortness of breath egophony: abnormal change in tone of voice that is heard when auscultating lungs fremitus: vibrations of speech felt as tremors of chest wall during palpation hemoptysis: expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract hypoxemia: decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood hypoxia: decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells obstructive sleep apnea: temporary absence of breathing during sleep secondary to transient upper airway obstruction orthopnea: inability to breathe easily except in an upright position oxygen saturation:

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