Many loans didn't require down payments or documented proof of income. Several large investment funds and banks have already taken billion-dollar hits from losses on defaulting mortgages. As policy makers grasped for new options, experts remained divided over how much the plan will ultimately cost taxpayers, who should be held accountable for creating the economic debacle in the first place and whether the rescue plan would prevent a deep recession
From 1979 to 2006, the financial industry’s share in the nation’s corporate profits grew from a fifth to almost a third. By 2006, bankers and insurers were making 70 percent more, on average, than workers in the rest of the private sector. Then they set off again one of the worst financial crises since the Great Depression, and taxpayers bailed them out. The corruption is just not limited to Wall Street but also politicians who made money off of looking the other way. My input on this is that we did not learn anything from the crash of the stock market in 1929.
These RIAs helped DFA offer its high net worth investors the same low cost small and microcap investment vehicles, while making these investments relatively more liquid in the secondary market. Furthermore, in the late 90s, when the tax laws became fairly harsh on individual investors, DFA started offering tax managed funds to lower the overall tax burden on the gains from those funds. However, compared to DFA’s other funds, these tax managed funds were relatively more challenging for DFA to manage, as DFA had to continuously balance the funds while considering tradeoffs between tax benefit and transaction costs to determine net benefit to the portfolio. 5) Explain the DFA small and value
This calculates how much of the business is financed through private investors; it is also expressed in percentage form. Generally speaking, as a firm's debt-to-equity ratio increases, it becomes more risky because if it becomes unable to meet its debt obligations, it will be forced into bankruptcy. (Glakas) Of the three companies, Wal-Mart has the lowest total debt ratio (.62) as well as the lowest overall debt to equity ratio (1.65). Target finds itself with similar footing at .65 and 1.89 respectively, however Kroger has over 80% of its operations (.81) financed with debt and has the worst three year average when it comes to debt to equity with 4.40 times.
Because these loans are IOUs, they can be offset by printing more money. This gives central banks an unlimited supply of money. Overdoing this will lead to inflation that hurts the economy (Colander, 2010, p. 406). One problem in government accounting is how they classify debt and expenditures. Accounting addresses several ways a business may classify an expenditure and depreciation over time.
b. Most sinking funds require the issuer to provide funds to a trustee, who holds the money so that it will be available to pay off bondholders when the bonds mature. c. A sinking fund provision makes a bond more risky to investors at the time of issuance. d. Sinking fund provisions never require companies to retire their debt; they only establish “targets” for the company to reduce its debt over time. e. If interest rates increase after a company has issued bonds with a sinking fund, the company will be less likely to buy bonds on the open market to meet its sinking fund obligation and more likely to call them in at the sinking fund call price.
Consequences and solutions to cash flow problems Factor | Why It Causes a Cash Flow Problem | Low profits or (worse) losses | There is a direct link between low profits or losses and cash flow problems. Remember - most loss-making businesses eventually run out of cash | Over-investment in capacity | This happens when a business spends too much on production capacity. Factory equipment which is not being used does not generate revenues – so is often a waste of cash | Too much stock | Holding too much stock ties up cash and there is an increased risk that stocks become obsolete (i.e. it can’t be sold) | Allowing customers too much credit | Customers who buy on credit are called “trade debtors” Offering credit to customers is a good way to build revenue, but late payment is a common problem and slow-paying customers put a strain on cash flow
However, politicians increasingly pushed for mortgages to become available to more (less credit-worthy) Americans. And they expected Fannie Mae to hold non-conventional, bad-credit, high-risk loans to the same standards as their conventional mortgages. Naturally, this did not work and only served to drive mortgage business into the hands of private lenders. And while Fannie Mae’s underwriting standards were in place to ensure borrowers could afford their loans, many private mortgage lenders had little or no regard for their borrowers’ futures. Mortgage lenders popped up on every corner with aggressive marketing tactics like “teaser” introductory rates (that inevitably ramp up to higher rates and higher payments) and “interest-only” loans with huge balloon payments due at some point in the future.
When the Fed lowers the reserve ratio, it means that banks are able to loan out more money to its customers since they need to keep fewer dollars in cash reserves relative to the amount of money they lend out. The final way the Fed controls money is by buying and selling United States securities. When the Fed buys securities, it has the effect of increasing the money supply within the market, since the Fed issues cash in exchange for the securities it is purchasing. On the other hand, if the Fed sells securities it
1. How had Jeff Immelt performed in the face of GE’s challenges? How much of GE’s trouble stemmed from uncontrollable events and how much from GE management decisions under his control? While GE missed its earnings estimates and the stock price began to fall, Jeff Immelt decided to invest more capital in the financial services affiliate, and the percentage of profit attributed to GE capital has reached 50%. Besides, Immelt put much of the new capital into buying businesses.