Is Death a Harm?

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Is Death a Harm? If not, why not? Introduction You and I are going to die. As will the smiling barista who prepared your coffee this morning. Early in our lives we realise the inevitability of our mortality, but this hasn’t prevented us from thinking about what death is and what our death means to us. We spend much of our lives pursuing those things which are good for us and trying to avoid those things which harm us. When trying to ascertain whether death itself is a good or a harm there is much uncertainty and disagreement. In this paper I will present some arguments for both sides of the debate. I will do so by offering Epicurean arguments for the experience and existence requirements. Taking each one in turn I will look at Nagel’s and Kagan’s objections, focusing on deprivation, and then highlight any problems with the respective objections. To finish I will offer my own view on why death is not a harm and why Nagel and Kagan are mistaken in their objections. Clarification Before beginning, I want to make some noteworthy points. There is a distinction to be made between death, to die and to be dead. Death is often used ambiguously but we mean it here to be the moment when life is snuffed out. To die is a verb and can often involve a period of dying. One can die quickly or slowly; it is a process. To be dead, on the other hand, is simply the state of affairs after death has occurred. From here on, we are concerned with whether being dead is a harm. These clarifications may help with some of our initial concerns with death. We may be inclined to say that being dead is a harm because we may fear the method of dying. It may be arduous and painful and this invokes our feelings of fear and distress. However, many of us die peacefully and pain-free, so the fear of dying does not get at the heart of what it would mean for being dead to be a harm. A further point
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