(CDC;2012) Route of transmission- Measles is only spread by humans it is a highly contagious airborne viral disease spread through the respiratory route. Measles can be spread approx. four days before and after the rash appears. According to the CDC approx. 90% of non-immunized people who come in contact with it will get measles and the virus can stay alive for up to two hours on a surface.
Evidence: Unit 3323 Name: ; Date: 23/4/2015 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 Common childhood illnesses; Accidents and Emergencies Common illnesses | Signs and symptoms | Actions to take | Flu | Viral infection of the nose, throat and ears. Stuffy nose, cough, high temp. May develop headaches and aches all over. | Paracetamol as needed. See GP if symptoms last longer a week or worsen.
Anthrax spores that contaminate article or rail can remain effective for years. Anthrax happens in three different forms: cutanex anthrax(malignant postule),the most common (95%), inhalation anthrax which is rare (5%), the other , gastrointestinal anthrax, which has never been reported in the United States. 106,000 anthrax cases are reported annually
Long-taking process A. Producing with a faster method B. Providing the vaccine in large quantities C. Involving 9 months D. Marketing the vaccine E. Growing multitudinous eggs F. Testing the side effects G. Using individual cells Swine flu is a respiratory virus of pigs which was first identified in 1918 and although historic diffusion to human beings has been sporadic, the infection rate in humans is intensifying at present. Earlier in 2009 the virus has spread rapidly by human to human contact after the initial outbreak in Mexico and has become a pandemic. As the swine influenza virus is a mutated new virus, no swine flu vaccine was immediately available to prevent infections.
USA vaccines cover A, C, W-135, and Y but not B (Coffee, 2015). The incubation period of meningococcal disease ranges from 2 to 10 days. The disease is spread through saliva and respiratory droplets. The most common way people transfer the disease is through kissing, sharing drinks, sharing used silverware, sharing lip balm, and close contact with an infected person who may cough or sneeze within three feet of an individual. Meningococcal meningitis is a fast moving, deadly infection that kills 10 to 13% of its victims within a matter of hours or days (CDC, 2015).
During the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, allowing accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. Since then, only 50 such transmissions have been confirmed. These strains of swine flu rarely pass from human to human. Symptoms of zoonotic swine flu in humans are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort. Contents [hide] • 1 Classification o 1.1 Influenza C o 1.2 Influenza A o 1.3 Surveillance • 2 History o 2.1 1918 pandemic in humans o 2.2 1976 U.S. outbreak o 2.3 1988 zoonosis o 2.4 1998 US outbreak in swine o 2.5 2007 Philippine outbreak in swine o 2.6 2009 outbreak in humans • 3 Transmission o 3.1 Transmission between pigs o 3.2 Transmission to humans o 3.3 Interaction with avian H5N1 in pigs • 4 Signs and symptoms o 4.1 In swine o 4.2 In humans o 4.3 Diagnosis • 5 Prevention o 5.1 In swine o 5.2 In humans • 6
Bach Dang Mosaics II 2/5/2013 Blog 2 “Vaccination against smallpox” is a book written by Edward Jenner which describes the progress of vaccination to eradicate smallpox. From the first several pages of his book, Edward presents about the signs of the disease and the way he takes advantage of cowpox to weaken smallpox. On page 14, the author clearly depicts the symptoms and how they transfer from animals to humans who interact with them. In the history, Smallpox was introduced to Europe between the fifth and seventh centuries and was frequently epidemic during the period of Middle Ages. The disease had greatly affected the development of the Western civilization.
Though less likely, you may also catch the flu virus by touching phones, door handles or other inanimate objects and then touching your own eyes, nose, or mouth. The incubation period for influenza is commonly 2 days but can range anywhere from one to four days from initial contact with the virus. Once the onset of symptoms occur, a person can transmit the virus for up to seven days, individuals may even be contagious one day prior to the onset of flu like symptoms. You’ll know when you have the flu once your symptoms start to appear. The flu begins abruptly, causing high fevers, generally 102 -106F, headache, tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, muscle aches and stiffness, chills, fatigue, malaise, sweating, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lack of appetite, and worsening of other illnesses such as heart failure or asthma.
In the United States about four hundred cases occur each year, and 75% of these are acquired while traveling internationally. (“Typhoid Fever”, 2010). Morphology and Virulence Factors S. typhi is a gram-negative enteric bacillus that belongs in the family of Enterobacteriaceae. It is a motile, facultative anaerobe that is susceptible to numerous antibiotics. Presently, one hundred seven strains of this organism have been isolated.
Swine influenza virus (SIV) or S-OIV (swine-origin influenza virus) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3 Classification Of the three genera of influenza viruses that cause human flu, two also cause influenza in pigs, with influenza A being common in pigs and influenza C being rare. [4] Influenza B has not been reported in pigs. Within influenza A and influenza C, the strains found in pigs and humans are largely distinct, although because of reassortment there have been transfers of genes among strains crossing swine, avian, and human species boundaries. Influenza C Influenza C viruses infect both humans and pigs, but do not infect birds.