Causes and spread of infection (ICO2) Q Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. (ICO2 1.1) Bacteria: Bacteria are living things that are neither plants nor animals, but belong to a group all by themselves. They are very small--individually not more than one single cell--however there are normally millions of them together, for they can multiply really fast.Bacteria are prokaryotes (single cells that do not contain a nucleus). Every species has a great ability to produce offspring and its population expands until it runs out of food or it is limited by competition, its own waste products, or some other factor. Changes in climate or introduction of a new species from elsewhere can greatly affect the balance of nature.
. Community Health: Environmental and Global Health Issues Crystal L. Rood Western Governor’s University Introduction to Measles Measles is a highly contagious, infectious disease caused by a morbillivirus in the paramyxovirus family classification, who’s only known host is humans (Kutty, MD, P., 2014). This means that only humans can carry and transfer the virus and are the only organism that can get sick from it. Measles successfully infects ninety percent of all exposed persons who are susceptible, meaning without either natural or vaccine originated immunity (Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., 2013). Measles is spread via respiratory fluid referred to as droplets that become airborne and can also be spread simply by contact with a contaminated surface though this is less common as the virus does not appear to survive long on dry surfaces.
Herpes Simplex Virus is a virus that remains in latent state inside the ganglia, which is located near the spinal cord. HSV infections are displayed by tiny blisters that are caused by the virus periodically reactivating. The sores usually surface in the same areas that the earlier infection sites occupied. Reactivation of the virus can be provoked by stress, fever, menstruation, or complications of the immune system. More than 80% of adult’s worldwide harbor HSV, but only small numbers experience recurrent infections.
Unit 4222-265 Causes and spread of infection (ICO2) Assessment Criteria 1.1 - Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Bacteria: Bacteria is a living, but neither animal nor plant, it is a one cell organism without a nucleus. There are millions of species of bacteria. It is able to reproduce, and can quickly spread to millions of cells. When this happens it will continue to reproduce until its foods runs out, another species is introduced or competitor, or when a change happens in the climate to affect the balance of nature. E.g.
Secondary pneumonic plague can occur if bubonic or septicemic plague goes untreated and the plague bacteria are allowed to spread to the lungs. Bubonic plague is the most common form of naturally occurring plague and is typically acquired through the bite of an infected flea. Bubonic plague is characterized primarily by swollen, tender lymph nodes (called buboes). Septicemic plague is the result of plague bacteria multiplying in the blood and disseminating throughout the body. Septicemic plague usually occurs as a result of untreated bubonic or pneumonic plague.
Ebola…even the name sounds sinister. This virus, part of a quartet of filoviruses, is considered more dangerous, and more infectious, than the HIV virus. So why don’t we hear more about Ebola? Its death rate is far higher than any other virus, but most of the world’s population doesn’t even know it exists. Yellow fever is considered a highly infectious disease, yet its death rate of 1/20 is nothing compared to Marburg’s ¼.
2.2 Identify Common Illnesses and Infections Caused by Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and Parasites * Bacteria – Salmonella, E-coli, tetanus, typhoid fever, cholera * Virus – Aids, common cold, cold sores, influenza * Fungi – Athletes Foot, candidoses, ringworm * Parasites – Ticks, fleas, lungworm 2.3 Describe what is Meant by ‘Infection’ and ‘Colonisation’ Infection is the invasion of a living host’s bodily tissue by disease causing organisms that multiply in the body and cause illness. Colonization occurs when one organism or more populate an area. Bacteria colonize on an area of the body surface and do not cause
Unit IC02 Cause and spread of infection outcome 1 1.Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites Bacteria – bacteria are extremely small singular organisms which are found almost everywhere. Viruses – it is a coated genetic material that invades cells and use’s the cells apparatus for reproduction.Fungi – it is a multi-celled living organismParasites – they are types of living plants and animals that derive benefit from the metabolism of other animals and plants. 2. common illness and infection caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Bacteria – Food poisoning, bronchitis, ear infections, tonsillitis. Viruses – common cold, stomach flu,warts .Fungi – Athletes foot, ring worm, yeast infection.Parasites – worms, malaria, trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) 3. describe what is meant by infection and colonisation Infection – is an invasion to body tissues from a disease- caused micro-organism.Colonisation – is multiplication of micro-organisms without tissue invasion or damage. 4. explain what is meant by systemic infection and localised infection Systemic – is when infection is distributed throughout the whole body.Localized – is when infection is limited to a specific part of the body.
Identify the difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites The difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites is; bacteria is a one-cell micro organism that can multiply very fast; viruses are small cells that can only reproduce on a living host; fungi is a cell that lives on a dead organic material so that it can grow and get nourishment. Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria viruses, fungi and parasites Bacteria staphylococci (MRSA) which lives on the skin can cause different infections with people that have low emun system Viruses hepatitis (A-E) is where damage to your liver means a virus can start and reproduce causing different effects to the body depending on what type of virus it is. Fungi candidiasis which is a build up of yeast in the body such as athlete’s foot. Parasites scabies this is where a skin mite is passed on by direct contact from another person. The skin mite then can lay eggs within the skin causing a rash and very itchy skin.
Viruses: Viruses are microscopically small and are the simplest microbiological entity. A virus is not an independent living organism and needs a host cell to replicate. They are sub-microscopic parasitic particles of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) that are wrapped in protein. Viruses are immune to antibiotics and are spread in the air or by direct contact. They can lead to serious or sometimes deadly diseases, such as AIDS.