Hunting with the Bushmen

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The Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert in southwestern Africa, discussed in detail in Elizabeth Marshall Thomas’ ethnographic study The Harmless People, live very different lives than most of the world. They are a simple yet happy people who are bound together by both mechanical and organic solidarity. Discussed in detail by the great nineteenth century anthropologist Emile Durkheim, these two types of solidarity are different in their causes but similar in that they both bind a society and its people together. Organic solidarity occurs when there are specialized divisions of labor and people depend on other people’s specializations to produce the necessities of life. In contrast, mechanical solidarity, which is stronger and healthier for a society, occurs when people are bound together by a common ideology or beliefs (A Short Introduction to Anthropology 11). One of the most important elements of Bushman society, which happens to be a source of both organic and mechanical solidarity, is hunting. Obviously, hunting is an important way that the Bushmen obtain enough food to survive, but it is so much more than that. For the Bushmen, hunting is not only a way to obtain food, but an act that has penetrated every aspect of their livelihoods, including politics, marriage, religion, and social standings, and thus binds the Bushmen together and promotes solidarity among them. Hunting is important to the Bushmen, because first and foremost, it is a way to obtain food and therefore a method of survival. The Kalahari Desert is not an easy place to live. It can be scorching hot in the day and below freezing at night. There is a “long drought of the year” for 9 months from March to December, and food and water can be hard to come by (Thomas 3). A man’s main way of feeding and providing for his family is his skills in hunting, because a major part of what his family eats comes
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