Three types of humanistic therapy are especially influential. Client-centered therapy rejects the idea of therapists as authorities on their clients' inner experiences. Instead, therapists help clients change by emphasizing their concern, care and interest. Gestalt therapy emphasizes what it calls "organismic holism," the importance of being aware of the here and now and accepting responsibility for yourself. Existential therapy focuses on free will, self-determination and the search for meaning.
“The Third Force” in psychology; the humanistic perspective focuses on those aspects of personality that make people who they are. It is what makes one person unique form another, personal opinion, and freedom of choice. Rogers believed that human beings are always striving to fulfill their innate capacities and capabilities and to become everything that their genetic potential will allow them to become. In other words we are born, live, and exist to be the best as we can. Self-actualizing tendency is what he called this “striving for fulfillment.” These tendencies can be help by first realizing the self-concept, or an image of oneself.
CounsellingResourcecom Library With the client as the expert and under the right conditions Rogers believed that they would discover solutions to their own problems. ‘Individuals have within themselves vast resources for self understanding and for altering their self concept basic attitudes and self directive behaviour’ Carl Rogers Way of Being 1980 Rogers asserted that in order for a client to achieve self actualisation then a set of Core Conditions should be in place and practiced during the relationship, listing these core conditions as:- * Psychological Contact – that there must be a connection between therapist and client * Incongruence – that the client must
Humanistic approach American psychologist Carl Ransom Rogers (1902 – 1987) was one of the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology, He believed for a person to ‘’grow’’ they need an environment that provides them with congruence (genuineness, openness) unconditional positive regard (acceptance) and empathy (being understood and listened to). He called these the three core conditions. He said that these conditions are necessary for change to occur. This therapy is considered to be holistic looking at the person as a whole. It considers the core self (how we are born) self-concept (how we see ourselves) and conditions of worth (conditions that a person perceives are put upon them externally by those around them and which they believe
Freud believed that past experience (from childhood) shapes adult personality and behaviour is influenced by unconscious mental processes. The therapist facilitates exploration of the past and via a number of skilled interventions and interpretations helps makes unconscious material conscious. The Humanistic school of thought whose major contributor was Carl Rogers (1902-1987), through the development of his ‘Client-Centered Therapy’, adopted a more positive view of human nature insisting that behaviour is a personal choice (free will) and driven by the “...actualizing tendency, that force which moves us in the direction of well-being and the fulfilment of our potential” (Tolan, 2010, p. 110). He believed that humans possess an innate capacity for growth, can take responsibility for their actions and demonstrated the importance of six therapeutic conditions which help to foster the client’s natural ability towards improvement. This approach places
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has established a major precedence on which human interactions can follow so as to make sure that they achieve productive as well as agreeable outcome. The main essence is to actually prepare people for shared existence with themselves and those who are around. The essence of humanistic psychology is usually similar to cognitive psychology as it does acknowledge behavior more than just a stimulus that is determined and hence recognizes perception as the actual essence of actions and behavior. His hierarchy of needs does represent how exactly growth should influence formation of personality. He developed his personality theory in relation to the needs of people.
The therapist is more of a friend who listens, standby their clients and encourages their clients. In person-centred therapy, self-actualisation refers to the desire for self-fulfilment. It is a belief that everyone will pursue what is best for themselves. Self-actualization is stationed at the top of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy. Abraham Maslow, a pioneer in development humanistic psychology studied what he know as “self-actualising people”, self-actualisation was the central theme of Abraham Maslow’s research (Davies, 2013).
The three personalities of the psych are usually out of sync with each other. The id, which is present in new born infants consists of biological impulses or drives such as, hunger and thirst. As a result the id is said to work on the pleasure principle. It motivates us to behave in certain ways to satisfy our urges. As the child grows, so does the ego.
The three main schools of thought described throughout are Behaviorism, Cognitivist and Humanism. The humanist theory is an approach that relates to the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual, with emphasizes on personal worth of each individual. This theory is supported by Maslow (1943) who regards personal growth and fulfillment in life as a basic human motive. The Behaviorist theory main features suggested that learning is the result of association between rewards and punishment. The Cognitivist theory can be described as a school that learn by doing, and asking students challenging
Instead, the client consciously and rationally decides for themselves what is wrong and what should be done about it. The therapist is more of a friend or counselor who listens and encourages on an equal level. One reason why Rogers (1951) rejected interpretation was that he believed that, although symptoms did arise from past experience, it was more useful for the client to focus on the present and future than on the past. Rather than just liberating clients from there past, as psychodynamic therapists aim to do, Rogerians hope to help their clients to achieve personal growth and eventually to self-actualize. This therapy allows the client to let go of their unrealistic expectations of their ideal self, and over time accept their real self.