This is, essentially, the opposite effect of what happens when there is weight bearing activity as previously discussed - when there is a decrease in weight bearing activity/the stress of gravity on the body, osteoclasts break down the bone where it is not needed, releasing calcium ions into the blood so that they may be used where they are, in fact, needed (Kosalanan, 2005). 9. What risk factors does Margaret have for osteoporosis? The risk factors that Margaret has for osteoporosis are that she is an elderly female, has gone through menopause, she is a long term smoker, and she is on propranolol, and she has lead a rather sedentary life. Bone density begins to decrease after age 30 for both men and women, but the effects are more severe in women, especially after they have gone through menopause.
4. When she is given the anti-cholinesterase medication, it allows the function of skeletal muscles to return to normal, but exaggerates the function of hollow visceral organs and glands. Resulting from this Bonnie suffers from nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and excessive salivation. After treating one problem seems to have created another problem. 5.
Failure to do so results in their immune system producing antibodies which attacks the lining of their bowel causing them to have abdominal pains, constipation/diarrhoea, bloating, difficulty in gaining weight in childhood or maintaining weight in adulthood and anaemia. Because it affects the way their body can absorb nutrients it can also lead to osteoporosis and increase their risk of bowel cancer. Some foods can be bought that are labelled ‘gluten free’ but tend to be more expensive. • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the term used to describe a condition when on inspection of the bowel everything seems normal, but the person suffers with symptoms like abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating and constipation/diarrhoea. The person may want to keep a food diary to help discover which foods make their condition worse and avoid them in the future.
Bone formation in patients with Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva happens when injured connective tissue or muscle cells at the injury or growth have the wrong enzyme present for bone repair during apoptosis (self-regulated cell death), resulting in lymphocytes containing large amounts of bone morphogenetic proteins. These bones are separate from the normal skeleton, forming its own skeletal elements. These elements can fuse together with normal skeletal bone. The diaphragm, tongue, and extra-ocular muscles aren’t effected, neither is cardiac and smooth muscle tissues. Because the disease is so rare, the symptoms are often misdiagnosed as cancer or fibrosis.
Her blood results will show elevated urea and creatinin while urine output will reduce to under 20mls/per hour. (WebMD. 2005-2013) 2.What other symptoms and signs might occur? Other symptoms to look out for are confusion, fluid retention, fatigue, drowsiness, and an ammonia smell to the breath are a few other signs and symptoms that may occur with acute renal failure although some signs may be confused with post-operative complaints (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013). 3.What is causing Ms. Jones’s kidney disease?
Low-calorie diets are usually the first sign of eating disorders. Excessive exercise or exercise obsession can be another sign.Characterized by morbid fear of weight gain, eating disorders lead to harmful restriction of food intake. This can end in extreme weight loss or even starvation. Most female athletes are concerned about their body weight and shape, and may follow a strict diet. Avoiding key nutrients could lead to inadequate amounts of protein, iron, calcium, and zinc in the diet.Women who diet excessively often eliminate dairy products.
Abdominal pain and abdominal cramping is caused the inflammation of the walls and eventually thickens the walls with scar tissue and leads to cramping. Mild Crohn’s causes moderate intestinal discomfort and in more severe cases, can cause nausea and vomiting. Blood in the stool is caused by food being moved from the digestive tract through the inflamed tissue. The bleeding might be notices as bright red directly in the toilet or darker red blood that is mixed into the stool. Crohn’s also causes small sores or ulcers on the surface of the intestines that eventually penetrate into the intestinal walls.
Milton Helpern sums death up by stating that “Death may be due to a wide variety of diseases and disorders, but in every case the underlying physiological cause is a breakdown in the body’s oxygen cycle” (pg 67). Not all strokes victims will die. Instead, miniature strokes will little by little arise in physical effects of the body. A wise old woman told Nuland, “Deaths keeps taking little bits of me” (pg 67). The medical report of this woman’s situation says that after every attack she felt a little older and weaker as she became more cautious of walking, forgetful, fragile writing, and life became less significant.
Cushing’s disease is a condition where the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic (ACTH). Those who have Cushing’s disease have too much ACTH. ACTH stimulates the production and release of cortisol, Too much ACTH means too much cortisol. Cushing’s disease is caused by a tumor in the pituitary gland. Symptoms of Cushing’s disease include upper body obesity, round, red full face, acne, purple marks called striae, thin skin with easy bruising, backache, bone pain, bone thinning, weak muscles, hair growth on women, irregular menstrual cycle,
This can cause the person to have severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea and abnormal bowel habits. Rest, antibiotics and diet changes can treat mild cases of diverticulitis, but serious cases require surgery to remove the diseased portion of the colon. By including more high-fiber foods in your diet, it can help prevent both types of diverticular disease. Fortunately, most people with diverticulosis never develop diverticulitis. Causes Diverticula usually develop under pressure when naturally weak places in your colon give away.