These ‘streams’ would then depict how the child would learn; higher streams would be higher status knowledge and lower streams lower status knowledge (Keddie 1971). The way the children reacted to this streaming then affected the way they performed. M/C benefitted, becoming the pupil the teachers idolised, and W/C became ‘locked in’ to their stream and ‘got the message’ that they were written-off and weren’t to achieve good grades. Streaming is an element of the Self Fulfilling Prophecy, put forward by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968), where by labelling these pupils and treating the pupil according to the label then the pupil would internalise this idea and become it. The Self Fulfilling Prophecy is relative to over-achievement and under-achievement, just as one pupil can become the ideal pupil and succeed, another can slip into the prediction
Mozart’s father, “a violinist at the court of the prince of Salzburg,” taught him how to play the clavier and encouraged him in his art (“Wolfgang” World History). His parents had seven children, although only two of them, Mozart and his sister Maria Anna Mozart, survived to adulthood. Mozart first showed off his innate abilities in music at age four, when “he began playing his pieces from his elder sister’s clavier lessons” and astonished his entire family (“Wolfgang” World History). After his father heard him play such arduous pieces, he started giving him lessons. Mozart’s sister was also a talented musician.
Stereotypes PHI 103 11/04/2013 Staring in the Face of Stereotypes Stereotypes are basically beliefs that one may have on a specific group or individual. These beliefs could stem from a variety of places. Some are taught at an early age to hate a certain race or religion even though there may not be any valid reason. In my opinion stereotyping is the same as discrimination. Studies have shown that individuals that have been stereotyped are mentally damaged.
Abnormal behaviour can be hard to define. However psychologists described it as deviating from normal or typical behavioural characteristics. Norms are social rules that guide society and tell people what is right or wrong behaviour. They are usually culturally influenced, so what may be normal in one culture, may be seen as abnormal and strange in another. If a person was to be seen violating the cultural norms, they would be described as acting abnormally.
But, according to my parents, I started singing at the age of one year old. My parents also told me that I danced to every music that was played on the radio, and the sound of music calms and put me to sleep. Every Sunday morning, my parents always play gospel music before going to church. My aunt sings in choir, each time she goes to choir practice, she takes me along with her and makes me watch her rehearse what she will sing on Sunday for the church service. I started singing in the choir when I was ten years old.
Stereotypes could be a form of prejudice if they are negative generalizations. Discrimination is caused by a number of reasons, one of which is learned behavior. If you grew up seeing discrimination practiced by your parents, you will probably follow the same mind-set. This does not mean that everyone who has prejudice or parents that discriminate will also be growing up. If that is all they are taught then most likely they will also be prejudice or discriminate.
I believe that the main reason for this erroneous behavior is to “save face”. In layman’s language it may refer to the act of avoiding the angry thrashing of parents due to bad results and in the process averting embarrassment of being labeled an academic flop. However, this is not the only reason why they cheat. Historically, this type of behavior has been traditionally studied by sociologists as either being abnormal or unusual behavior. Theories of aberrant or unusual behavior have been time and again used as possible explanations as to why they cheat (Lathrop & Foss, 2000).
In case, the student does not obey my instruction, positive punishment, which is the application of an unfavorable stimulus after an undesirable behavior in order to decreases that response, is a very useful method and the result can be shown shortly. For example, if the students are not obey my words I would like to tell their parents and let their parents to reprimand them afterwards or I would just castigate them at that time by myself. Although the students will become dutiful in a short time, they may afraid of me after that and do not want to have a lesson again. It is no doubt that positive punishment is an effective way for punishing students and it can achieve the result in a short time, however, this is not the best way to punish the students. It is because this may not only lead to a damaged relationship between teachers and students, but also can lead to negative associations.
The importance of cultural explanation in explaining differences in social class and achievement. Many Sociologists have argued over the course that cultural factors are the explanation of why students do or do not achieve high in education. One side argues that cultural deprivation is the cause of this whilst the other material deprivation argues a different case and some other argue that it is neither both but factors inside school itself. Cultural deprivation means factors such as values, attitudes, languages. So, If a child is in a social group deprived of these factors he could underachieve.
c) One way in which ethnic minority children may respond to negative labelling is by a self fulfilling prophecy; if the teacher perceives them to be badly behaved, and then they may start acing that way. Another way they could react is to do the opposite of a self fulfilling prophecy, and go out of their way to try and achieve and behave well to prove their teacher wrong and to prove themselves. Finally, children of ethnic minorities could also become disheartened and depressed by such negative feedback form their teachers, and behave accordingly which will affect both their achievement and attitudes towards school, peers and other adults. d) One way in which schools can be seen as institutionally racist is that the schools curriculum can be seen as ethnocentric in aspects such as school assemblies, school holiday times and aspects of the curriculum such as languages, history and world religions. Another way is that within the classroom, students can be labelled negatively by teachers based solely on appearances and in some cases their ethnic group.