Hamlet and Renaissance Philosophy

2937 Words12 Pages
Renaissance Philosophy in Shakespeare’s Hamlet The line indeed embodies the tragic tone of Shakespeare’s work; a noble King slain, an improper marriage and a secret murder all point to the foul condition of Hamlet’s homeland. "Something is rotten in the state of Denmark" – an essential line never spoken by the essential character (1.4.90). Though it captures the work, it is a line that seems largely in conflict with the main character’s vision. For Hamlet, the putridity of Denmark’s circumstance is associated with much more than a decaying nation. As the Prince says, “How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable/Seem to me all the uses of this world!” (1.2.133-134). Moral, political, and spiritual decay have breached the borders of Denmark – they permeate a world that is, in Hamlet’s mind, an “unweeded garden/That grows to seed” (1.2.135-136). Through much of the play’s early stages, this allencompassing negativity is voiced over and over. In the beginning, to Hamlet, every impropriety carries universal weight. Gertrude and Claudius’s ceremony is more than an improper custom, it is a “heavy-headed revel” existing everywhere, “east and west” (1.4.17). “The whole ear of Denmark,” said by the ghost to be “Rankly abused,” somehow, to Hamlet, becomes indicative of divine variance. Following the ghost’s speech he asks, “O all you host of heaven! O earth! What else?” (1.5.35-39, 93). In one of Hamlet’s most dismal assessments of the world, he equates earth to prison, albeit “A goodly one, in which there are many/confines, wards, and dungeons, Denmark being one o’th’worst” (2.2.246-248). With Hamlet’s seemingly exaggerated sense of wrongdoing the question seems simply, what does Hamlet have against the world? 1 The obvious argument, as many critics have stated, is that outlook justifies circumstance. Richard A. Levine writes, “Within a very short span of time, Hamlet is
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