This organism infects the “gastrointestinal epithelium to produce a diarrhea that is self-limited in immune-competent people but potentially life-threatening in immune-suppressed people” (Magi et. al). Cryptosporidiosis is especially life-threatening in those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome also known as AIDS. Infection by this parasite accounts for up to 6 percent of all diarrheal diseases in immune-competent people. The infection is also present in up to 24 percent of people with both AIDS and diarrhea
Botulism Julie L. Crabb 10/25/2013 Microbiology Madera Center Abstract This research paper is about botulism. Botulism is a very rare but serious disease that is caused by the bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. (Chaudry, 2011, para. 1-5) This type of bacterium occurs in the soil. There are three main types of botulism: 1.
Part I: Disease History and Profile: Outline of Disease Amebiasis can be found in any tropical or subtropical region throughout the world, and is especially prevalent in India, Mexico, South America, and Africa. Amebiasis is caused by a parasite known as Entamoeba histolytica, a parasite which can be found in contaminated water sources. The E. histolytica has a two part life cycle, existing as an infectious cyst and an amoeboid trophozoite. (http://www.docstoc.com/docs/77159031/Amoebiasis-module). The cyst is ingested through the mouth by contaminated water sources and develops into a trophozoite in the stomach and intestines, where it eats through the mucosal lining and begins to attack the liver, causing amoebic disease.
Unit 9 Shigella Shigella infection (shigellosis) is an intestinal disease caused by a family of bacteria known as shigella. The main sign of shigella infection is diarrhea, which often is bloody. Shigella can be passed through direct contact with the bacteria in the stool. For example, this can happen in a child care setting when staff members don't wash their hands well enough after changing diapers or helping toddlers with toilet training. Shigella bacteria also can be passed in contaminated food or by drinking or swimming in contaminated water.
The majority of Rickettsia bacteria are susceptible to antibiotics of the tetracycline group. Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of
Avary Johnson BILOL 104 Assignment 1 Chapter 28 Introducing Invertebrates Pg.547 #8 Describe the parasitic flatworms, and give the life cycle of both blood fluke that causes Schistosomiasis and the pork tapeworm. They are flukes and tapeworms of parasitic flatworms which are highly modified for the parasitic mode of life. The flukes and tapeworms both utilize a secondary or intermndiate host to transport species from primary host. The primary host is infected with the sexually mature adull ; the secondary host contains the larval stage or stages. The life cycle of a blood fluke schistosoma is a micrograph of the schistosoma which the infection of humans is caused by blood flukes the schistosoma is an extremely prevalent disease in Egypt and the blood fluke- schistosoma occurs in the middle east.
Giardia Giardia is a microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. Giardia is protected by an outer shell that allows it to survive outside the body for long periods of time and makes it tolerant to chlorine disinfection. (A parasite is an organism that feeds off of another to survive.) The parasite lives in the intestines and is passed in feces (poop). Once outside the body, Giardia can sometimes survive for weeks or months.
What causes it? • Chicken pox is caused by a very contagious infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. • It is an airbourne virus, which means it is easily and rapidly spread through sneezing and coughing. Droplets of water expelled from the nose and mouth of the infected person are inhaled by those around them • The infection may also be caused by direct contact with the secretions from the blisters. • The varicella virus has an incubation period of between 10 and 21 days.
The male and female worms together form “ nests “ in the human lymphatic system, the essential component of the body’s immune system. Filarial infection can cause a variety of clinical manifestations, including lymphedema of the limbs, genital disease (hydrocele, chylocele, and swelling of the scrotum and penis) and recurrent acute attacks, which are extremely painful and are accompanied by fever. The vast majority of infected people are asymptomatic, but virtually all of them have subclinical lymphatic damage, with proteinuria and haematuria. Filariae are transmitted by mosquitoes. When a mosquito with infective stage larvae takes a blood meal, the parasites are deposited on the person’s skin, from where they inter the body through the skin.
During a severe infection, these times are often shorter. Neutrophils are the one of the body's main defenses against bacteria. They kill bacteria by actually ingesting them (this is called phagocytosis). Neutrophils can phagocytize five to 20 bacteria in their lifetime. Neutrophils have a multi-lobed, segmented or polymorphonuclear nucleus and so are also called PMNs, polys or segs.