Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum. Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxin. Adult intestinal toxemia (adult intestinal colonization) botulism is a very rare kind of botulism that occurs among adults by the same route as infant botulism. Lastly, iatrogenic botulism can occur from accidental overdose of botulinum toxin. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies.
value: 6 points Which of the following causes serious congenital disease from transplacental transmission? | Toxoplasmosis | | Trichomoniasis | | Giardiasis | | Malaria | | Balantidiasis | 10. value: 6 points The symptoms that occur in cyclic 48 to 72 hour episodes in a malaria patient are | bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. | | fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain. | | urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge. | | chills, fever, and sweating.
The three types of plague are bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Bubonic plague is the most common of the three types and is named after swollen lymph nodes called buboes. Buboes occur when the bacteria are localized in the lymph node and rapid replication occurs. Buboes associated with Bubonic Plague are located in the armpit, neck or the groin area. Common symptoms are acral necrosis of the extremities (such as the toes, fingers, lips and tip of the nose), high fever, nausea, vomiting, and breathing difficulty.
In today’s age, this disease can be treated with antibiotics; however, this is still fatal in fifty to sixty percent of cases. Pneumonic plague is different than the bubonic Plague. This case is almost always fatal. This disease can be contracted by simply breathing in the Yersinia Pestis that was coughed by another animal or person that also has pneumonic plague. This type of the plague can also be contracted if the bacterium enters the bloodstream from the bubonic plague and travels to the lungs.
Case Study: Sannu’s Story Question: Leprosy, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, is leading cause of peripheral neuropathy worldwide; although it is treatable, the damage caused by the disease is irreversible. With Sannu’s, why is there both sensory loss and muscle weakness? Answer: From the repeated injuries Sannu is having repeated nerve damage. When someone has Leprosy and it is untreated they can lose sensation in that extremity due to the body’s defense mechanism. This will cause loss of feeling in the skin and weakens muscle.
(CDC) Initially a fever develops, followed by runny nose, cough and water eyes and koplik’s spots(small white spots that develop within the cheek and mouth). After several days the rash develops ,initially to the head and upper neck, then spreads to the lower body. The rash may last up to 14 days. (WHO) Measles related deaths are most likely to occur to those individuals who are malnourished or have weakened immune systems due to conditions such as HIV and AIDS. Complications of the disease include encephalitis, blindness and pneumonia.
Giardia lamblia is a single celled organism that causes a diarrheal infection of the small intestines and is one of the most common parasites in the United States. Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan parasite which means it is an organism with one or more whip-like organelles called flagella. Flagellum is a hair like appendage that protrudes from the cell body, and it is how the organism moves around. The infectious agent can be transmitted by ingesting or swallowing water, food, or soil that is contaminated with giardia cysts (hard shells containing giardia). Some examples would be public swimming pools or spas.
The initial symptoms, of headache, weakness, and coughing with hemoptysis, are indistinguishable from other respiratory illnesses. Without diagnosis and treatment, the infection can be fatal in one to six days; mortality in untreated cases may be as high as 95 percent (Center for Disease Control). The earliest account describing a possible plague epidemic is found in I Samuel 5:6 of the Hebrew Bible. In this account, the Philistines of Ashdod were stricken with a plague for the crime of stealing the Ark of the Covenant from the Children of Israel. These events have been dated to approximately the second half
Sexual contact is the most common way to spread HIV AIDS, but it can also be transmitted by sharing needles when injecting drugs, or during childbirth and breastfeeding. As HIV/AIDS reproduces, it damages the body's immune system and the body becomes susceptible to illness and infection. There is no known cure for HIV infection (Cichocki, 2009). There are many signs and symptoms to show for HIV infections or AIDS. For one, long lasting depression is a key sign.
Many in our care have also got weakened immune systems and as a consequence are more susceptible to infection from the outset. We want to give the patients in our care the best treatment and quality of care possible and this would not be possible without infection control. Were we to neglect patient control their quality of life and indeed health would deteriorate, they would get sick and suffer and in extreme cases would die. This runs totally contrary to the attitudes, duties and commitments we hold so dear as healthcare workers. In this assignment I will introduce, explain and discuss one of the most topical worldwide infections in the workplace – mainly hospitals and other places of healthcare environment; MRSA.