MSN 6008 Research and Technology for Advance Nursing Practice U02a1 Research Problem Topic and Question Submitted by: Adrienne Jenkins 01/22/2012 Cesarean delivery has become the most common major surgical procedure in many parts of the world. The national rate of cesarean delivery in the United States has increased more than 50% since 1996 to 31.8% in 2007. This upward trajectory appears likely to continue in the near future (Jhang et al., 2010). The consistently high cesarean section rate has been attributed in part to maternal request. Evidence suggests that nonemergent elective cesarean delivery may have several negative outcomes for women and their newborns.
Unnatural Causes is a film produced by California Newsreel that discusses in depth the disparity in birth outcomes of African American women and their white counterparts. Part 2 of the film explores the fact that on average, African American women are statistically more prone to birthing low-weight babies as compared to white women. This film explores the social determinants that influence health of a childbirth. The film weaves together the opinions of various experts in the field that argue that chronic stress is the largest influence on the health of the child at birth. One of the major factors of chronic stress is poverty.
Vulnerable Population in the Workplace Linae Hicks NUR/440 June 27, 2011 Sheila Vulnerable Population in the Workplace The purpose of this paper is to identify barriers in the workplace to understanding vulnerable populations and affecting the disparity in promoting health care delivery. This paper will focus on the American Indians as a vulnerable population. “The American Indian and Alaska Nativepeople have long experienced lower health status when compared with other Americans” [ (IHS Fact Sheets, n.d) ]. A lower life expectancy is noted in the Native American population, it is 5.2 years less than the U.S. all races population [ (IHS Fact Sheets, n.d) ]They experience an elevated death rate in tuberculosis (500%), alcoholism (514%), diabetes (177%), unintentional injuries (140%), homicide (92%), and suicide (82%) According to Indian Health Service (IHS), Indian health services are provided in over 670 IHS and tribal health care facilities in 36 states, most of these are in rural and isolated areas. Many of these facilities are overcrowded, in need of expansion or replacement.
Disparities in health care is an unequal burden in illness and its rate of mortality experienced by minority group when compared with the dominant group (Baldwin, D. 2003). There are causes of health disparities which includes poor education, inadequate financial resources, and minority health behavior and environmental factors. The most common health disparities that have been reported are CVD, DM and Cancers. Research indicated that the minority rates of CVD are common in African American and breast cancer is high in Africa American women than in white population. HIV/AIDS is more than seven times higher in African American than White.
This is due to the elimination of childhood diseases through vaccination, safe drinking water, antibiotics, and public health measures. The most common measure of mortality is life expectancy because it is calculated from mortality data and it is used to estimate years of life remaining (William & Torrens pg.51). From 2000-2005 the infant mortality rate did not decline but there was a 2% decline from 2005-2006 (MacDorman, & LastMathews , 2008). The U.S. has the highest infant mortality rating than most other developed countries. There is also a huge difference in the infant mortality rates for different races and ethnicities.
Racial & Ethnic Disparties: Infant Mortality Rates Calculating & Reporting Healthcare Statistics Causes of disparties in Infant & Mortality rates In the U.S., statistics show that twice as many African American infants die each year when compared to white infants. Although over the past fifty years, infant mortality rates have dropped for all ethnic groups in the U.S., the racial gap still exists and has not been totally understood in spite of various quantitive studies on the subject (1). I believe infant mortality rates are largely influenced by complex socioeconomic and demographic variables such as age, sex, education, family income, and race. The substantial differences in infant mortality among the varying ethnic groups has been well documented over the years. In order to properly analyze the trends associated with infant mortality rates, The National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) , The National Linked Birth and Infant Death Data Sets, and The National Infant Mortality survey data sources should be used (1).
Additionally, socioeconomic status is associated with CVD prevalence. Those with a household income of $35,000 or less reported having more CVD related health conditions than those from households with incomes greater than $35,000 (Han, pg 27). A heightened response is required due to the disparities in high blood pressure control in African American women. If better prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease are not implemented within the aging and minorities’ population of Arizona, the healthcare costs of treating heart disease will continue to increase. 3 What does Arizona law say about the health care provider’s responsibility to: Report cases of child and elder abuse, Report cases of HIV and Honor living wills?
Black women in the District suffer from obesity, diabetes, heart disease and generally poor health in alarmingly high numbers, and white women do not. That is the finding of a study released early today by the Kaiser Family Foundation. The study said there is a large disparity in the incidence of certain chronic diseases between black and white women. Kaiser's study was based on data compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the federal Current Population Survey from 2004 to 2006. The study reflected health statistics in the states and the District.
Healthy People 2010: A vulnerable population is defined as “a population that is more likely to develop health problems as a result of exposure to risk or to have worse outcomes than the rest of the population” (Sebastian, 2005, p.746). Vulnerable populations are a global concern, affecting rural and metropolis communities alike, in countries around the world. Vulnerable population groups of particular interest to nurses are “poor and homeless persons, pregnant adolescents, immigrants, substance abusers, persons with communicable diseases and mentally ill individuals” (Sebastian, 2005, p.748). Located on the southern tip of the Virginia peninsula, Hampton is a fast growing community. With a population of approximately 146, 000
This may represent an ageist bias within psychology and psychiatry. It has been hypothesized that the large number of women seeking psychological support may be a consequence of increased social stress on the older woman. Larson (1978) indicates that subjective well-being is most influenced by environmental factors. The factors having the greatest influence on well-being are hypothesized to be health and socioeconomic status. In 1990, 50 percent of White women had incomes below 646 per month, African-American women had incomes below 419 per month, and Hispanic women had incomes below 426 per month.