Pope Urban, in 1095, gave a speech which called people to crusade. There, he made an appeal on Alexius Comnenus, the Byzantine Emperor’s behalf for knights to go to the aid of Jerusalem and Christians in the east. People responded enthusiastically; it led to thousands of people, knights and peasants alike, to march on an ‘armed pilgrimage’ towards Jerusalem. Accounts show that Pope Urban spoke that responding to the call to crusade would be effective as a penance for sin; that they needed to help the Greeks who had asked for assistance and to uphold the peace of God. There may also have been the idea of taking revenge on those (the Muslims) who had desecrated Christ’s Holy City, and his people, the Christians.
The military expeditions planned and fought by western European Christians that began around 1095 are known today as the Crusades. The main purpose of these expeditions was to overtake and gain control of the Holy Land, Jerusalem, Pope Urban II initiated the first crusade. On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban preached to his followers outside the city of Clermont-Ferrand about the action, which needed to take place. Preaching words about how God wouledition. Small groups began to form, each planning their own path to Constantinople; that was where they would meet.
The people conquered by charlemegne , after being converted to christianty, were taught through the bible of codes that taught right and wrong. It was nesscary for the church to play a role in this education of the people, because only the clergy were educated. The church also guided charlemagene’s hand as a ruler, for he took on many conquests and missions so this way the Christian relgion could spread throught Europe. Indeed, his desire and passionate to spread his kingdom and government was interwined with his desire to spread the Christian relgion and have the people live according to the word of god. At that beginning of the caroligian dynasty the church was suffering from problems.
The Crusades were a series of holy wars fought between the Christian and the Muslim for control of Jerusalem and the area near it. However, while salvation and redemption in the eyes of God were major reasons for starting these crusades as seen in doc. 1 and 2 which promise absolution of the sins of the fighters, there were many secular reasons for fighting the Crusades which include possessing more prosperous land which is exemplified in doc. 6 and 7. Doc.
The Pope informed that the Kingdom of the Greek is now dismembered by them and the land has been deprived and in time can become a traversed. He told them that it is their priority to go and reclaim the wholly land, “On whom, therefore, is the labor of avenging these wrongs and of recovering this territory incumbent, if not upon you, you upon whom, above all other nations, God has conferred remarkable glory in arms, great courage, bodily activity, and strength to humble the heads of those who resist you? Let the deeds of your ancestors encourage you and incite your minds to manly
What motivated men to join the crusades led by Louis IX? Throughout the Middle Ages the idea of the crusade was employed by both the Church and the secular rulers of Western Christendom as a weapon against the infidels of the Holy Land. Shortly after Pope Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade to a large clerical gathering at Clermont in November 1095, the crusade became a traditional element of both Christian and knightly life. The notion of the crusade as both an act of service to God and as a means of celestial improvement inspired a number of Christian men to join the crusading movement. [1] The loss of the territory of Jerusalem in the summer of 1244 had unravelled the unexpected success of the Sixth Crusade and as a result King Louis IX of France, as a devout Christian, wished to travel to the East to reclaim the lost Christian lands.
The actions of both Walter and Peter come across as righteous, just, fair, and forcibly reactionary, as though they only act out of necessity and for vengeance. Upon arrival at Malevilla, Peter is forced to see evidence that fellow Christians had stolen some of Walter’s soldiers’ weapons and armor. “But, when Peter recognized the injury to his brethren, at the sight of their arms and spoils, he urged his companions to avenge their wrongs.” (49) Albert of Aachen writes that Emperor Alexius of Constantinople as equally pleased and impressed with Peter and his actions. “A second message of the emperor was urging him to hasten his march to Constantinople, for, on account of the reports about him, the emperor was Wharram 2 burning with desire to see this same Peter.” (51) Peter was portrayed as ever obedient to the emperor, and was granted license to trade while
Romans 11 teaches about the last days and what Christians can expect during these times. Earlier in Romans 8 Paul explains the foreknowledge of God, predestination and the election of the saints. The strong debate of Calvinism vs. Arminianism is found in this passage as well. Whether the believer was called or if they responded to the call of God, the ultimate goal of justification and glorification of the believer is the main point that Paul is trying to get across to the Roman Christians. Beginning in chapter 12 Paul discussed how Christians are to live.
But this didn't stop the threats from coming. THe Ottoman Turks thought this was their time to try and overcome part of the empire. Through this process they defeated Charles' brother-in-law, overran mmost of Hungary, and even got to Vienna, until they driven back by force in 1529. In Germany, Charles decided to attempt to settle the Lutheran problem through the Diet of Augsburg in 1530. Where he ended up demanding that the Lutherans return to the Catholic Church in 1531.
The Muslims over time learned the value of united action and in 1144A.D. they captured the city of Edessa. The fall of Edessa made people realize the dangers, which threatened Jerusalem and led to another crusade. The second crusade had a favorable outlook but an unhappy ending. Of the people that left a few thousand escaped annihilation at the hands of the Turks.