Julio Serrano EN-102 Prof. Ignacio Arana 4-22-09 Fascism: Unity through Power In our modern times, the word “Fascism” makes allusion to a specific period of time, in the last century, when the world was submerged in struggles and war. Although, this term is surrounded by controversy, the theoretical government created by the Fascist ideology could be a model to follow in different conditions. The Fascist movement rose at the beginning of the 20th century, and created a nationalist system using unity through strength. Fascism is often confused with racism, because radical fascist ideas suggest that strength is a quality of superior races. For a better analysis of the topic it is necessary to understand the theory of Fascism, its roots, the people, and how it has influenced the 20th century.
the changes in the mechanisms of ‘volkisch’ anti-semitism and how it developed throughout the preceding decades, with particular scholarly movements including the inception of scientific racism, the volkisch movement in correspondence with new imperialism and militant nationalism. The approach suggests that the holocaust was exclusively akin to Germany’s rising ‘volkisch’ culture and that the aggressive notions of supremacy produced in the late nineteenth century influenced their attitudes towards the other races within Germany at the time and subsequent to the century’s turn. This particular approach is therefore beneficial for understanding how the very concept of a civilised genocide was manifested and how anti-semitism transformed according to the circumstances of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and is therefore the synthesis of the intentionalist and functionalist schools as the German anti-semitism was developed in the long-term through cumulative radicalisation. It adds to our understanding of how ‘völkisch-antisemitisch’ developed from mere prejudice into genocide and how it was influential in the development of advancement of National Socialism, being spawned through nineteenth century scholarly ideologies and social movements including Social Darwinism as a product of emerging ‘scientific racism’, with this and the association with romantic nationalism being
Continuation of History Daniela de Lara UNIT 10 Chapter Thirty-Four: By the 1930s, extreme nationalists had gained power in Italy, Germany, and Japan, which became known as the Axis powers. By seeking to exp and through military conquest, these countries began World War II. In 1941, the United States entered the war as one of the Allied powers. VOCABULARY: Totalitarianism In 1924, Joseph Stalin became the dictator of the communist Soviet Union. Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler gained power by promising to restore German strength.
Theories and Perspectives in Twentieth Century Totalitarian Regimes Discuss Competing Perspectives On The Maintenance of Power in One or More 20th Century Totalitarian Regimes This essay will examine the maintenance of power in fascist Italy after the October 1922 ‘March on Rome’.Benito Mussolini’s political assertiveness and opportunism had helped him capitalise on the fear of a socially complex and politically divided Italy. This essay will explore the measures he and his party took to reign in Italy’s economic and social instabilities, and how he literally disposed of the country’s political divisions. Theseactions would see his fascist party, The PNF, become the first Totalitarian Regime, and the model from which later regimes would be established. I will make comparative analysisof,and identify parallels between Mussolini’s PNF and Adolf Hitler’s Nazi party in Germany and I will deliberate competing perspectives on the function and viability of the economic, political and social programmes and policies of the party. I will use quantative data where possible to give me a better insightinto both the competing academic perspectives and the influence and effectiveness of the regimes endeavours, which will go towards helpingmeformulate as informed a conclusion of my own as possible.
Modern History Essay Question: Assess the extent that nationalism was a cause of the failure of democracy in Germany in the period of 1918 – 1933 Nationalism was an important and integral factor in the downfall of the Weimar Republic and in turn, the ensuing failure of democracy in Germany in the period of 1918 – 1934. Nationalism is the desire to have your own country. The sense of loyalty and devotion to one’s nation, which the German’s had felt in their militaristic past, was ultimately, devastated by World War 1 and its consequences. In Germany, from 1918 onwards, nationalism was one of the main driving forces for the German people to make Germany a dominant power again by ultimately destroying the Treaty of Versailles. Several attempts from both the left and right sides of government tried to imbue the nationalistic beliefs that were embodied in Germany before they were destroyed by their humiliating defeat in WW1.
Introduction Nation States saw a major resurgence during the post industrial revolution period of the 1860’s and 1870’s. By 1871, Europe was remapped with the rise of two newly united nations - the Kingdom of Italy and the German Empire. The unification movements of both countries took place at roughly the same time in the mid-19th century and were inspired by the Revolution in France and Napoleonic age and motivated by the same historical trends - that of liberalism and nationalism. The movements were led by two fierce nationalists Italian Prime Minister Camilo di Cavour and Chief Minister Otto Von Bismarck.The following discussion presents a comparison of the two unifications. Pre-1815 Firstly ,before the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte, both Italy and Germany shared some similar features.
When Nationalism began in the 1800’s during the French Revolution it made a powerful impact that united Germany and Italy into nation-states, divided empires such as the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman, and led to the future outbreak of wars like the Franco-Prussian and Seven Week War with Austria. Nationalism was the force that caused unification of similar cultures, religions, languages, and traditions. The Levee en Masse brought out Nationalism in the French Revolution by stating, “The young men shall go forth to battle; the women will make tents, uniforms, and will serve in the hospitals; the old men will gather in public places to raise the courage of the warriors…” which encouraged the people to gather together to fight against the same enemy. (Document 1) Something else that encouraged the people to fight was the French National Anthem,
When Hitler came to power within Germany in the 1930s he aimed to bring all German speaking people under one great empire and that Germans were the master race who were superior to Jews and Slavs this showed the aggressive nature of Germans foreign policy because for Hitler to bring all German speaking people into one great empire it would mean having to invade territory she had lost from ww1. Mussolini also looked to recreate an empire as powerful as the roman empire and he believed that conquering foreign territory was a sign of a great nation and great power. Italy and Germany both believed in ideology that glorified the military and believed that war was an acceptable way of accomplishing their goals. This caused both Hitler and Mussolini to create aggressive foreign policies to distract the citizens living in the countries of the terrible
The Axis Powers during World War II were countries that joined together to expand their territories and to destroy Soviet Communism. The main three Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan. On September 27, 1940 these countries signed the Tripartite Pact, also known as the Axis Alliance, which joined them together against other allied nations. (ushmm.org) Germany was led into the Axis Alliance by Adolf Hitler. In 1933, Hitler, leader of the Nazi party, was named Chancellor of Germany.
Hitler displayed ultranationalism when he put Social Darwinism into action, he was creating a master race. Hitler believed in survival of the fittest; he eliminated people who didn't meet the ethnic idea. Lebensraum and Social Darwinism were both indications of ultranationalism that Germany displayed, that ultimately lead to the cause of the second world war.