Domestic Violence is not random but follows particular social patterns and these patterns have social causes. For example, the most striking pattern was found by Coleman et al (2007), who said that Domestic Violence mainly occurs through men being violent to women, she found that women were more likely than men to have experienced ‘intimate Violence’ across all four types of abuse, - partner abuse, family abuse, sexual assault and stalking. Statistics by Mirrlees – Black show that 99% of Domestic Violence cases against women were committed by men. She also found out that 1 in 4 women have been assaulted by a partner at some time in her life, and 1 in 8 women, repeatedly so. This is also
Introducing an ally who resisted the majority caused conformity levels to drop sharply (5%). The presence of an ally makes an individual feel more confident and better able to stand up to the majority. Asch also discovered that people are better able to resist pressure to conform if the decision has a moral dimension. For Asch’s participants, the costs of conforming were not particularly great given the insignificance of the task. However if the behaviour is judged as immoral such as joining others in cheating there is less evidence of conformity as the costs are perceived as greater.
This represents around 473,000 adults being victims of sexual offences (around 404,000 females and 72,000 males) on average per year. These experiences span the full spectrum of sexual offences, ranging from the most serious offences of rape and sexual assault to other sexual offences like indecent exposure and unwanted touching. "(Crime Survey for England and Wales, 2009/2010/2011/2012) Sexual assault is a personal and destructive crime. The effects on individual can be psychological, emotional, or physical. They can be brief in duration or last a long time.
The 2013 analysis found that women who had been physically or sexually abused were 1.5 times more likely to have a sexually transmitted infection and, in some regions, HIV, compared to women who had not experienced partner violence. They are also twice as likely to have an abortion. Intimate partner violence in pregnancy also increases the likelihood of miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-term delivery and low birth weight babies. These forms of violence can lead to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep difficulties, eating disorders, emotional distress and suicide attempts. The same study found that women who have experienced intimate partner violence were almost twice as likely to experience depression and problem drinking.
“The US Justice Department estimated that as of 1998 there were nearly one million incidents of domestic violence per year in the United States.” (Lee and Newton) “Various estimates have put the number of Russian women killed by their husband, partner or a close relative at between 10,000 and 14,000 every year.” (Baczynska) Traditional practices such as; arranged marriages and female genital mutilation that usually end in infections and women or girls go untreated resulting in death. Some countries have a son-preference and women will terminate their pregnancies if the baby is a girl, because sons are preferred. Dowry- related marriages can end in violence, usually death if bride’s family fails to pay the agreed-upon payment for the
Domestic Violence Relationships | Leena M. Colter4/2/2014 | Abstract Domestic Violence is not only a crime but it is also happening throughout the nation daily. Domestic violence affects many women of all ages, nationality, gender, and population. Why do victims stay in abusive relations and how do they protect themselves from further problems with domestic violence. An Estimate of 1.3 million women is victims of physical and emotional assault by their partners each year. The risks are very high for those who are younger and those whom may have children.
Catriona MirrlesBlack’s (1999.) survey showed 6.6 million domestic assaults in just a year and a half, resulting in physical injury proved it was a real problem and a clear pattern for domestic violence. However this does not apply to just woman this also includes men, children, youth, elderly people (as they are unable to protect themselves as much. ), people struggling with financial difficulties, (stress and the worries of everyday life.) According to Kathryn Coleman (2007.)
Domestic violence is widespread in America, and is usually thought of in terms of violence by men against women, though some women do batter men. Child abuse is also very common, and can involve violence against children of either sex by adults of either sex, even to the degree that it is not uncommon for children to be murdered by relatives. A hidden side of domestic violence is that between partners in same sex-relationships. It occurs between gay men and between lesbians. It has been estimated that more than six million women are victims of domestic violence every year in the United States, and this violence ranges from simple hassling in the street to rape and incest, to physical and psychological abuse, all of which are very destructive
While restorative justice programs can promote healing, repairing the harm experienced by victims is often far more complicated than apologies, restitution and relationship-building. Some victims move on with their lives fairly easily, but many suffer continuing trauma without the services and support they need. Victims often suffer lowered academic performance, decreased work productivity, and severe loss of confidence. Mental illness, drug and alcohol abuse, and suicide are far more common among crime victims than the general public. Addressing these needs can require long-term sophisticated counseling, assistance with safety planning, or relocation.
Domestic violence is the leading source of injury to women between the ages of 15 and 44 in the United States, more than car accidents, muggings, and rape combined. A woman is more likely to be assaulted, injured, raped, or killed by a male partner than by any other type of assailant. Although, in recent times men also are abused by their female partner, the majority of cases still affect women entirely. Domestic Violence is often referred to as a pattern of offensive behaviour in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person.