Clinical psychology is defined as “the study of individuals, by observation or experimentation, with the intention of promoting change” (Compas & Gotlib, 2001). While the field of clinical psychology continued to expand, psychiatrists remained working with patients noted to have severe mental illnesses. During World War I, the two intelligence tests Army Alpha (verbal skills) and Army Beta (nonverbal skills) were introduced, making assessment the key focus of clinical psychology (Compas & Gotlib, 2001). The America Association of Clinical Psychology was established in 1917; following the creation of The American Association of Applied Psychology (APA) in 1930. The APA
Mental health professionals practice active listening and encourage the client to express their feelings. Mental health counselors develop and implement treatment plans based on the client’s physical or mental condition. Client information is collected through interviews, observations or tests which guide counselors in the development of therapeutic information strategies that will help clients deal with their problems by targeting at-risk behaviors which promotes optimum mental and emotional well-being of the client (Erford, 2010). Over the past decade organizations have come to the realization that mental health professionals need to become competent in cross cultural interactions. Competent multicultural mental health professionals play a key role in success of mental health counseling interventions (Connerley & Pederson, 2005).
Diploma in Therapeutic Counselling Unit Title: K/601/7632 Counselling Theory Unit Summary: Learners will analyse one major therapeutic model to influence, inform and empower their practice as a counsellor. They will also compare other therapeutic models with the major model. Learner name: Claire Bracegirdle Tutor name: Margaret Shacklady Learning outcome 1 – understand a major therapeutic model of counselling Assessment Criteria 1.1 Analyse the philosophy of one major therapeutic model in relation to . Its origins . Historical development to the present day .
In this paper I shall introduce Sigmund Freud’s theories of human development within psychoanalysis and describe how his theory of psychosexual development related to adult neurosis. I shall offer some criticisms of this theory and evaluate how this may aid a present day counsellor in their practice. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was a Viennese physician who developed his theory of human development by trying to help emotionally troubled adults. He was attempting from the start of his career to formulate a system of psychological therapy and was influenced by the psychological thought of the time and the cultural influences of that era, which were of Victorian moral standards and the presence of war in Europe. Freud’s theories broadly encompassed the issues of life, sex and aggression.
UNIT 8; PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE Description of Unit The aim of this Unit is to introduce the learner to the different psychological perspectives and to encourage the application of these approaches to the study of health and social care. The value of psychological studies to the understanding of health and social care will be examined. You will consider the meaning of the term ‘theories’ in the context of psychology and begin to appreciate the diversity of psychological theories. You will examine the principal psychological perspectives and then apply them to the health and social care sector in order to gain understanding of the potential value of psychology in these sectors. SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES To achieve this unit a learner must: 1.
* * * * * * * * Examination of Clinical Psychology Paper Jonathan Looney PSY 480 March 12th, 2012 Kristi Collins, Psy.D. Abstract Clinical Psychology is an ever evolving element of the general psychology equation and many people might consider clinical psychology to be the base for all other disciplines in the psychological realm. Clinical Psychology can be summed up as an attempt to understand the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of daily life that makes each person unique and how those people interact with others. This paper will attempt to explain and possibly demonstrate the need the need for clinical psychology by explaining exactly what that term means and how it
However before Freud, there were other theories concerning psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud formulated his own theory of psychoanalysis in Vienna in the 1890s but before that, Freud was a neurologist interested in neurotic or hysterical patients and helping to find a treatment. He had become aware of the existence of mental processes that were not conscious as a result of his neurological consulting job at the Children's Hospital. He started to write about it and his first theory to explain hysterical symptoms was presented in Studies in Hysteria (1895), co-authored with Josef Breuer. As he became increasingly interested he received permission to study in Paris in the 1880s with Jean- Martin Charcot, a famous neurologist and syphilogist.
She became increasingly involved and interested in psychiatric issues when serving in the United States Army and working at the 312th Station Hospital and School for Military Neuropsychiatry for the European Theatre, during World War II. The patients would arrive with what we know today, as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Silverstein, 2008). Peplau witnessed various experimental treatments these soldiers recieved, “...with horror.” (Silverstein, 2008, p. 725). She felt that some of these treatments, like insulin shock therapy and ether treatments just worsened their conditions both mentally and physically, often with permanent consequences. Despite their mental state, she felt it was important to try to talk
In the early 20th century mental health professionals took an interest in the artwork being created by psychologically sick patients. Art therapy is a new type of instrument being used in counseling field when traditional “talk theory” is not supporting the client-patient relationship successful in counseling sessions. (Rubin, J., A., 2010, pp. 64 - 66). Visual expression is not new to the progress of managing mentally ill patients it was used in the olden times for healing.
Clinical Psychologists are involved in research, teaching and supervision, program development and evaluation, consultation, public policy, professional practice, and other activities that promote psychological health in individuals, families, groups, and organizations. Their work can range from prevention and early intervention of minor problems of adjustment to dealing with the adjustment and maladjustment of individuals whose disturbance requires them to be hospitalized. Clinical Psychologists work directly with individuals at all developmental levels, infants to older adults, as well as groups for example families and organizations, using a wide range of assessment and intervention methods to promote positive mental health and to alleviate discomfort and maladjustment. Researchers study the theory and practice of Clinical Psychology, and through their publications, document their findings with assist the field. Consultants, Teachers, and Clinical Supervisors share the Clinical Psychology knowledge base with students, other professionals, and non-professionals.