Forced to leave Johns Hopkins he looked for residence in Paris. He was to reside in France till his death in 1934. His first years (1908–1912) in France were interrupted by long stays in Mexico where he advised on university matters and lectured at the School of Higher Studies at the National University in Mexico City. James Mark Baldwin was prominent among early experimental psychologists but it was his contributions to developmental psychology that were the most important. His step-wise theory of cognitive development was a major influence on the later, and much more widely known, developmental theory of Jean Piaget.
Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Tina Monteverdi PSY 250-Psychology of Personality October 3, 2012 Deann Smetana Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Psychoanalytic approach’s differ depending on the psychologist. There have been theories put forth by a few known people in history. However they do not all believe the same things. This paper will discuss the theories that have been put forth by a few. Sigmund Freud “Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud, he believed that individuals could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight” (McLeod, 2007).
History and Development of the Psychodynamic Approach The psychodynamic approach to psychoanalysis was first invented by Sigmund Freud who made significant contributions to research as he was working as neurologist in Vienna. In 1893 he published with a co-author Breuer, a paper (Breuer, Freud, 1893) when he first described that traumas from childhood may be the cause of psychological problems later, for example of hysteria or depressions. During hypnosis sessions Freud learnt from his patients that they have in their deep unconsciousness traumas from earlier life, and that those traumatic experiences are buried as a defence mechanism of the conscious soul as protection from the pain caused by those traumas. Freud introduced the concept of conscious and unconscious, basics of transference and counter-transference. Melanie Klein (Klein, 1988, 1998) made substantial discoveries and development to the theory of psychodynamics.
He believed that psychologists should have greater involvement in the study of and treatment of psychological disorders. He was interested in problems of psychopathology, and in 1906 Prince founded the Journal of Abnormal Psychology which is still published today. The journal was considered to be an exclusive domain, publishing early research and case studies. The journal was an important outlet for professional psychologist such as, Joseph Jastrow, Walter Dill Scott, Robert Yerkes, and many others. Prince published his most famous book in 1905, The Dissociation of a Personality, it was one of the first and had the complete descriptions of a case of multiple personality disorder.
When Erik came to the United States, he then changed his name from Homburger to Erikson. He than began to practice psychotherapy and open his own views on the nature of human personality (Burger, 109-110). Although Erikson had retained numerous ideas from his mentor, Freud, he had ideas of his own also. Erikson is a Freudian ego-psychologist, which means that he accepts Freud’s ideas as correct and accepts the ideas about the ego that were added by other Freudian loyalists. Erikson is much more society and culture oriented than most Freudians and he often pushes the instincts and the unconscious practically out of the picture (Webspace).
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEO Psychodynamic Theories Mike Smith, Christine Smith, Arvan Thompson, Marcy Rigsby PSY/405 Dr. Dave Brueshoff October 17, 2011 Psychodynamic Theories The first psychoanalytic theory was conceived by Sigmund Freud (Meyers, 2007). This was the basis for what we have today regarding psychodynamic personality theories. Sigmund Freud’s contribution to this theory includes his thoughts on the stages of psychosexual development, conscious and unconscious minds, and defense mechanisms. This made way for other great psychologists to offer contributions to psychodynamic personality theories, like Alfred Adler’s individual psychological theory, Melanie Klein’s object relations theory, Carl Jung’s analytical psychology theory, and finally, Karen Horney’s psychoanalytic social theory. In this analysis we will look at two specific parts of analyzing psychodynamic theories.
Aaron Linkenhoker Psychology 101 28 Jan. 2011 Freud vs. Skinner B. F. Skinner and Sigmund Freud were both revolutionary psychologists, although they had completely different ideas and approaches to the science. Skinner’s approach involved the behavioral perspective while Freud’s was the psychodynamic perspective. The two perspectives are completely different in the way they approach psychology. Although Ivan Pavlov was the founder of behaviorism, Skinner is considered the “greatest modern psychologist”. Skinner expanded on the principles that Pavlov first made noticed.
Lynch and Richards (2010) stated, “He has added significantly to our understanding of clinical and theoretical issues and provided us with wise input on complex group, organizational, and political dilemmas” (p. 1). Within this article, the importance of psychoanalysis is highlighted as well as the reasoning behind Rangell’s interest within psychology. Rangell was fascinated with Freud’s findings, especially taking interest in the study of anxiety, and went beyond Freud’s research to satisfy his own curiosities. The article informs the reader of Rangell’s journey, what he discovered, and the major influence he was to psychoanalysis. Moreira (2012) stated, “Humanistic-phenomenological psychotherapy is a contemporary development of person-centered therapy” (p. 3).
Describe and evaluate the psychodynamic approach. Refer to at least one topic in your answer (12 marks) One assumption of the psychodynamic approach is that much of our behaviour is determined by the unconscious. Our behaviour is caused by unconscious mental processes which cannot be accessed. Freud the founder of the psychodynamic approach created a way of trying to understand these unconscious processes called psychoanalysis and is a treatment aimed to gain an insight of a patients repressed conflicts in their unconscious mind. This enables the client to have greater control over their emotions and reduce the likelihood of their symptoms.
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde – a psychoanalytic interpretation There are several ways of interpreting Robert Louis Stevenson's novel 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde', but to my mind, the most suitable and interesting one is the psychoanalytic approach. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis is based on his idea of the human psyche consisting of three areas: first, the super-ego, which represents social and cultural norms and almost corresponds to the human conscience. Second, the id, which accommodates the drives and the instincts hidden in the depths of the human unconscious, as for instance the satisfaction of the human needs or the reproduction. The third area describes the rational ego, which is the human consciousness that tries to mediate between the conscience and the unconscious. By this, the superego and the id are balanced and form the character's identity, an integrated self.