Hildegard Peplau published the first nursing theory in 1952 and was recognized internationally as a nurse leader. Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory emphasized the nurse as a change agent for patients healing. This encouraged interaction between the patient and nurse including concepts of anxiety, frustration, conflict and needs (George, 2011). She describes four steps in the interactional process that are relevant to nurses; orientation, identification, exploitation and resolution (McCrae, 2011). Her work contributed to the development of the National Mental Health Act of 1946 as well as providing input to the World Health Organization and National Institute of Mental Health (George, 2011).
After Nightingale came back to England from the Crimean War, she published two books, Notes on Hospital (1859) and Notes on Nursing (1859). With the support of wealthy friends and John Delane at The Times, Nightingale was able to raise £59,000 to improve the quality of nursing. In 1860, she used this money to found the Nightingale School & Home for Nurses at St. Thomas's Hospital. She also became involved in the training of nurses for employment in the workhouses that had been established as a result of the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act. This was a critical long term contribution to medicine as it helped professionalise nursing which was once associated with working class women.
Who had a greater influence on the training of women in medicine after 1850 – Florence Nightingale or Elizabeth Garrett Anderson? Before 1850, many aspects limited female progression in medicine. Medicine was a practice reserved to men and there was little scope for women to practice. For example, religion, government intervention, advancement of new technology (typically new instruments) and lack of education for females (due to gender bias) are all factors that contributed to a limited amount of progression through medicine for females. Both Nightingale and Anderson came from very similar roots.
On the other side of the world, Mary Seacole learnt about nursing from her mother which was informal unlike Florence Nightingales training. When she heard about the terrible medical conditions in the Crimean war it triggered her decision to go to London and offer her services as a nurse in the conflict. After Elizabeth Herbert rejected her offer because she was black, she paid for her own passage out to the Crimea. She says in her book Wonderful Adventures of Mary Seacole “the fact that, had there been a vacancy, I should not have been chosen to fill it.” This shows her determination to help the soldiers in the Crimean war, even though she was rejected by Nightingales companion. Unlike Florence Nightingale who was asked to go there, she went there herself to help.
( History of Medicine Division, NLM 2014) The Nursing Profession in the 1900’s compared to Nursing in the 21st century History of Medicine Division, NLM Nursing history Duties of nursing as it is today is virtually unrecognizable when compared to the duties of nurses in the early 20th century. Nursing duties were closer to those of a housekeeper, they cleaned everything from celling to floor and all that is between, cleaning bedsheets to the equipment used by the doctors. They went out into the community and taught how to clean and other basic health care, this was the main role of a nurse. Stopping the spread of disease was the primary goal. (national institutes of health , 2014) Military nursing.
When she heard about soldiers in the Crimea were not being treated very well, she sought to find a way to the Crimean in order to put her nursing skills to good use. One way in which she had thought that would get her to the Crimea was to go to the British War office and plead to be sent there. However, the war office rejected her request; Mary Seacole thought that her rejection was down to racism, and that the American racist society was also being reflected in Britain. Despite being rejected a passage to the Crimea, she funded her own way there with the help of Thomas Day. On the other hand Florence Nightingale was born to a wealthy family with no nursing history.
These women who were employed as nurses came from prisons, criminals and prostitutes’ nursing was seen as a punishment to care for the sick. These women had no choice and no real education and training; nursing was a job that was looked down upon it was not acknowledged as a real profession. Nurses were also seen as doctors handmaidens what the doctor said goes nurses never worked with doctors they just had to follow orders, nurses never really had a say. Florence Nightingale she was the first nurses to change perspective of the nursing profession, she came and taught theses women who were employed as nurses what it is to be a nurse, she provided them with education that the women never had received about nursing. Florence Nightingale was also the first nurse to introduce hand hygiene and infection control to reduce the spread of infection and disease as well as death.
They made great contributions in science in what historians recognize as the rebirth of the science in the first centuries of the Middle Ages. Of all these women whose work contributed especially in the fields of gynecology and obstetrics, emphasizes Trotula of Salerno who, with her own researches, studies and knowledge of Medicine of Hippocrates and Galen, has placed in a privileged place in the field of science. Little it is what we know about the life of Trotula. It is said that she lived in the Italian city of Salerno, between the XIth and XIIth centuries, where she taught at the Medical School, in which many women were students and teachers of the science. Some have identified her as Dr Johannes Platerius’ wife, and Matthias and Johannes the younger’s mother.
On her trips she complemented her knowledge of traditional medicine with European medical ideas. 3-She was refused 4-To purchase stores and provisions for the Crimean troops. She established the British Hotel close to the front line outside Balaclava to provided food and provisions for the troops.She also visited the battlefield, sometimes under fire ministered to the wounded and dying. 5-Mary seacole also curred wounded soldiers right in the battle field but Florence Nightingale no. 6-Both of them (Florence Nightingale and Elizabeth Herbert) didnt accept her aid so both interviews ended by refusing her.
Running head: Family Health Assessment Family Health Assessment Grand Canyon University: Family Center Health Promotion NRS-429V August 8th, 2012 Family Health Assessment Everyday changes in healthcare make family assessment more important as ever as a tool for health care providers seeking to assist the family move themselves toward higher levels of wellness. A family system is a group of individuals and the pattern of relationships between them (Servonsky & Gibbons, 2005). The family defines its views of health, makes decisions regarding health practices, and is the most frequent provider of health care to family members. In 1987, Marjory Gordon challenged professional nurses to adopt a standard nursing framework to guide data collection in the assessment phase of the nursing process (Nettle, et al, 1993). Gordon delineated a typology of 11 health patterns as a universal framework for nurses.