Young Adulthood 19-40 years Intimacy vs. Isolation Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation. Middle Adulthood 40-65 years Generativity vs. Stagnation Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
The effect on adult relationships of these attachment types developed as a child however was initially investigated by Shaver and Hazer who put out a questionnaire in a newspaper that questioned couples about their childhood experiences (which would determine attachment type as a child) and their current relationships. Here they found a clear link between the two for example, avoidant attachment type as a child would now find sex without love more pleasurable. This shows that early attachment type determined by the relationship of the infant with their primary caregiver can impact and internalise behaviour in adult romantic relationships. To support this, a meta analysis conducted by Fraley found a correlation of early attachment type and relationship type to have a correlation between 0.10 – 0.50. Although this is a positive correlation, it is relatively low although psychologists explained this by concluding that this may be because those that are insecure avoidant tend to be inconsistent.
For example becoming independent from parents, education, finding employment and developing personal relationships. For Erikson, successful transition through the adolescent stage resulted in ego identity, a feeling of security of what and who the individual is. Erikson’s theory suggests that for different individuals, in differing psychological and social circumstances, the achievement of identity is not always a smooth process. He defined further stages of the process identity achievement including psychosocial moratorium which refers to a period where young people can try out different roles before adopting a
Shared premise: Early life experiences manifest in adult behavior, attitudes & feelings; Examining thoughts, feelings & dreams, unconscious memories brought to the fore; The helper is the expert, interprets meanings of hidden unconscious issues; Insight into & consciousness of past experiences produce change and cure the person; People have need for closeness & attachment - motivates the relationship; Closeness & attachment attractive, also creates fears of dependency & lack of autonomy; Childhood experiences determine ability to function in intimate relationships, fulfill unmet
Childhood experiences- The way you are brought up as a child may be a reason why you can later on in life develop mental health. Social support- A person family, friends or relationship problems could leave you stressed and worried which can lead to mental illness. Housing- Where you're based and if you feel secure in your home, this can promote a mental well-being Financial Security- Having a balanced life style and being able to pay for goods and services promote your stability and mental well-being. 3- Explain why positive mental health is important: Having a positive Mental Health is important to us all, Having a positive mental health means your more likely to have a happier life, A positive self-image, too live longer, able to work and also have a good physical life. 4- Describe Five key factors which can increase the risk of a person developing a mental health problem- Current social factors- Such as feeling isolated and rejected from society, also lack of support of family and friends.
Learning carefully to select friends at a young age enables one in his or her early to middle adult years to effectively choose a partner. Individuals do not always follow the necessary processes when selecting a partner. Each party needs to have trust, both physical and mental attraction to one another, take into account various personal views, both political and economic, and share some of the same aspirations. According to Erikson’s theory, the sixth stage of development is intimacy. If there is no intimacy established by early adulthood, the result is isolation.
Identity vs Role-confusion (adolescence, 12-19yrs): the teenager develops a sense of identity, strives for more self-understanding and establishes goals for the future [Existential Question: Who Am I and What Can I Be?] Intimacy vs Isolation (young adulthood, 20-30yrs): a feeling of belonging either with a close group of friends or through marriage [Existential Question: Can I Love?] Generativity vs Stagnation (middle adulthood, 30-50yrs): generativity is Erikson's term for a concern for future generations; in this stage adults assist their growing children or the community to
Attachment is the relationship between two persons, that forms a bond for a healthy relationship. It provides safety which can help in forming relationships in later life. Attachment contributes to a person having self value, this is a persons opinion of themselves. They will also know the value of respect and have that respect for others and themselves. Attachment can form at any age but early attachments are formed through being sociable from birth, this happens through interactions with people from the moment they are born.
This process focuses mostly on and individual’s level of ability to adapt to a new environment, and learning to be responsible. Psychological traits of a young adult identify their roles as adults. A holistic model of development connects the age identity and level of a psychosocial maturation, but might develop at different rates. On the one hand, adolescents who age and mature earlier than their peers, typically due to accelerated pubertal maturation and responsibilities often do not have the psychosocial skills to cope successfully with the demands of the new roles and responsibilities that accompany this status. On the other hand, youth that develops age identities later rather than earlier are oftentimes among the first to attain psychosocial
In the article "Emerging Adulthood" by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, emerging adulthood is a phased where Arnett's differentiates emerging adulthood from adolescence and young adulthood. Arnett's theory was to differentiate and explain how young adolescence become independent at an early age, how some move from their home, some do not continue school once they graduate high school, how others would continue to college, and how some of them do not have sufficent income to become fully independent. However a cultural context of the idea of emerging adulthood is outlined and it is also specified that emerging adulthood exists only in cultures that allow young people a prolonged period of independent role exploration during the late teens and twenties. Arnett's feels the emerging adult should be studied as it's own category of lifespan development. Arnett explains that, “I argue that this period, emerging adulthood is neither adolescence nor young adult but it is theoretically and empirically distinct from them both”.