Dvorak- Bohemian Composer

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Dvorak was a Bohemian composer at the height of his powers and reputation in Europe in the 1890s. In 1891, wealthy philanthropist Jeanette Thurber offered Dvorak the huge salary if he would come to America and be director of the National Conservatory of Music. One of her stated goals for him was that he could help found an American style of nationalist music, at a time when nationalist musical styles were in vogue in all parts of Europe. Dvorak's fame was as a composer not just from Bohemia, but as composer of a Bohemian style of music based in part on his exposure and study of the native music of his country. Dvořák composed the Quartet in 1893 during a summer vacation from his position as Director (1892-1895) of the National Conservatory in New York. Dvorak's secretary, Josef Kovarik, convinced him that if he traveled across the ocean, west to the rolling green hills of northeast Iowa, he would find the people he was looking for. He spent his vacation in the town of Spillville, Iowa, which was home to a Czech immigrant community. Dvořák had come to Spillville through Josef Jan Kovařík who had finished violin studies at the Prague Conservatory and was about to return to Spillville, his home in the United States, when Dvořák offered him a position as secretary, which Josef Jan accepted, so he came to live with the Dvořák family in New York. He told Dvořák about Spillville, where his father Jan Josef was a schoolmaster, which led to Dvořák deciding to spend the summer of 1893 there. Antonin Dvořák’s years in the United States had a lasting impact on composing and teaching here. He famously urged American composers to stop aping the European models and seeks instead New World music, so to speak, drawing (as he himself did) on Native American and Negro sources, the rhythms and energy of the young country even bird-songs new to his ear. Pentatonic music by its nature

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