Dover Beach And The Voice

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Compare how Thomas Hardy and Matthew Arnold use their environment to explore human emotion. In poems ‘The Voice’ by Thomas Hardy and ‘Dover Beach’ by Matthew Arnold, both poets use nature and the surrounding environment to explore the depth of misery a human can reach. Through their use of language techniques and symbolism, Hardy uses the wind to explore his personal guilt while Arnold similarly uses the cliffs to present the shifting tides of human misery. ‘The Voice’ is a very passionate poem in the form of an elegy as Hardy hears his dead wife, Emma, calling him saying that she has reverted to her earlier self which he loved. However, as the poem progresses, this belief changes into fear as the poet begins to believe that the woman’s voice is insubstantial and is actually the wind. In stanza 3, Hardy begins to use the surroundings and language techniques to describe the alteration of his emotions. The phrase ‘or is it only the breeze’ suggests that the poet is beginning to doubt his hearings and starting to lose hope of seeing his wife again. In this stanza, a lot of ‘~ss’ sounds exist which symbolises the sound of the breeze ‘travelling across the wet mead’. In line 3 of this stanza, the alliteration ‘wan wistlessness’ describes how the dead wife, presumably a ghost, becomes paler and paradoxically, wistful as well. The environment in the last stanza is used effectively to enhance Hardy’s emotional desolation. The dead winter landscape present reality with phrases ‘leaves around me falling’ and ‘wind oozing’ showing the decay of nature symbolising his ongoing personal guilt. Also, the phrase ‘leaves around me falling’ is an ultimate symbol of death and indicates Hardy’s loss of hope although he writes that the woman is still ‘calling’ to express the unbearable longing for her. ‘Dover Beach’ also has a mournful tone of an elegy with Arnold expressing his

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