Strawberry DNA Purpose: To extract DNA from the fruit of a strawberry plant. Background: In this lab we extracted DNA from a strawberry. DNA, or, deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. DNA is located in the nucleus of the cell, and is made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Materials: * Heavy duty zip-lock baggie * 1 strawberry (fresh or frozen and thawed) * Cheesecloth * Funnel * 100 ml beaker * Test Tube * Wooden coffee stirrer * DNA extraction buffer * Ice-cold 95% isopropyl alcohol Hypothesis: DNA can be extracted if you use certain buffers.
What question does Sydney Brenner ask in “Defining the gene?” Explain why this was an important question to understand how DNA codes for protein. How does the sequence of bases correspond to the sequence of amino acids? 7. George Gamow thought that three bases in DNA corresponded to one amino acid. To confirm this idea, Marshall Nirenberg used a synthetic RNA containing only one kind of base.
With which instrument will we measure the amount of product formed by the enzymatic reactions? (1 point) b. What property must a substance have in order to be measured by the instrument in part (a)? (1 point) c. What is the measurable product of each enzyme reaction? (2 points) 13.
Constants: The shape and size of the chocolate. HYPOTHESIS: I think that candies in wrappers will melt first because; I think the wrapper heats up. I also think that kisses chocolates will melt faster than bars. I believe that candies with a candy coating like M&Ms will melt slower than a candy without coating. I think the candy bar will melt differently because they have different ingredients on them.
With this method, a tiny amount of DNA from a few cells would be enough to identify an individual. What other applications does PCR have? You can also trace hereditary diseases and establish the genetic relationships among people. What are the three stages in the PCR test? 1.
In this lab, we used differential centrifugation to isolate mitochondria and nuclei from cauliflower. We also measure the rate at which a certain molecule is converted to another molecule and how much a given enzyme can convert at a given time. Then we will get three fractions and find out which fraction has the most mitochondria and which fraction has the purest mitochondria. Nuclei and mitochondria are both organelles that are found within most eukaryotic cells. The nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane nuclear envelope.
Red Velvet Cupcakes have a mild chocolate flavor that comes from adding just 1 tablespoon of unsweetened cocoa powder (regular or Dutch processed) to the cake batter. Although they say that the reaction between cocoa powder and baking soda gives a red tinge to the batter, to get the garishly red color of a Red Velvet Cake, we need to add lots of liquid red food dye (about 1 tablespoon). Buttermilk is responsible for this cake's moist and tender crumb. You can buy buttermilk or buttermilk powder, or you can make your own by adding 1 tablespoon of white distilled vinegar, cider vinegar, or lemon juice to 1 cup (240 ml) of milk. Just let this mixture stand 5 to 10 minutes before using.
http://www.genome.gov/25020028 This site discusses the history behind cloning, when cloning receive its scientific breakthrough, the advantages and disadvantages of cloning, and how technology plays a part in cloning. I would use this information in my paper in regards to comparing advantages and disadvantages of cloning, and also go in to the ethical reasons why or why not to clone. 4. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-science/genetics-molecular-medicine/related-policy-topics/stem-cell-research/human-cloning.page? This site gives valuable information on the statistical data of clones. It goes in depth of how many times mammal clones were attempted to be created, and how many times they actually succeed.
Add sugar to taste. • Serve chilled. 10. Blackberry sweet tea – Blackberries add a bittersweet taste to the iced tea. Ingredients • 3 cups frozen blackberries • 1 tablespoon fresh mint • 2 tea bags • 4 cups Boiling water • 2.5 cups cold water • 11/4 cup sugar • A pinch of baking soda • Crushed ice Instructions • Take a large container and add sugar and blackberries.
According to Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D., contributor at About.com Chemistry, both baking soda and baking powder are leavening agents, which means they are added to baked goods before cooking to produce carbon dioxide which causes the baked goods to 'rise'. When added or removed to cookie recipes, baking soda or baking powder will cause cookies to either be flat and crispy or light and fluffy. This research project will attempt to show the effects of omitting baking soda when baking chocolate chip cookies. The independent variable for this science project is the omission of baking soda.i According to Gwen Bruno, contributor at Livestrong eHow Health, baking soda increases the spread of cookie dough in the oven, which may be good for certain types of cookies such as chocolate chip. The spreading occurs because baking soda increases the dough's pH level and weakens both the gluten and egg protein structure.