These proteins open and close the membrane. | | 11 CORRECT | | What did Robert Hooke use to study this organism? | | | A) | light microscope | | | B) | electron microscope | | | C) | cork chamber | | | D) | DNA analysis | | | | | | Feedback: Robert Hooke used a primitive light microscope to observe organisms such as this flea, as well as cork, which led him to the notion of cells. | | 12 CORRECT | | What does this depict? | | | A) | cytoskeleton | | | B) | fluid mosaic model | | | C) | impermeable membrane | | | D) | genetic material | | | | | | Feedback: Phospholipids in the plasma membrane create a fluid environment in which other molecules can float, allowing selective permeability.
It`s a membranous sac that gets separated from the cytosol by at minimum one lipid bilayer. Mitochondria: The main power source of the cell that provides energy needed for the cell`s function. It breaks down sugar to create energy Depending on the cell type; one cell may have up to hundreds of mitochondria or thousands of mitochondria. New mitochondria come from the division of pre-existing mitochondria. Mitochondria are made up of structures such as cristae which are the inner matrix; it has a smooth outer layer, and has
Allow the crystals to dry for 1 week then, weigh it, take a MP, and calculate the % yield. * Assemble the apparatus for reflux using the diagram (see figure 1), place boiling chips or a stirring bar in the bottom of the flask. * Weigh 2grams of finely ground nutmeg and combine with 10ml of diethyl ether in a 50ml round bottom flask. * Place a heating mantle under the round bottom, turned on and the heat was slowly adjusted until the mixture starts to boil for 45minutes, then let cool to room temperature by sitting it on the lab bench. * Pour a little ether over the nutmeg residue on the filter paper so that any Diethyl ethanol traces clinging to it is washed down and mixed with the filtered liquid underneath.
Plays a major role in locomotion, chromosome separation in mitosis and meiosis and intracellular transport of organelles. The cytoskeleton is made up of three kinds of protein filaments: [pic] • Actin filaments (also called microfilaments) They are about 8 nm in diameter, and are thinnest of all cytoskeletal filaments. They are mede up of actin. Actin filaments provides mechanical strength to the cell, links transmembrane proteins (Protein that passes one or more times through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane) to cytoplasmic proteins. Most actin molecules work together to give support and structure to the plasma membrane and are therefore found near the cell membrane.
Introduction: The Krebs cycle is a central metabolic pathway that is responsible in producing most of the energy, required for living for most organisms, in the form of ATP. It produces FADH2 and NADH which are used by the electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation) in the mitochondria to produce ATP. The Kerb cycle takes place in the mitochondria. This is the reason that mitochondria are known as the energy centers in our cells. This energy is used to make the cells function.
Specifically, I think that from a 1-10 color intensity scale, with 1 being no reddish color, and 10 being deep red, the results will be as follows: * 1 70˚C 10 * 2 55˚C 7 * 3 40˚C 6 * 4 22˚C 0 * 5 5˚C 5 * 6 - 5˚C 7 Method: I conducted this experiment by cutting fresh beets into six equal size portions. I then rinsed the six portions in room temperature tap water for two minutes, and dried them with paper towels. I also chopped up and crushed a portion of left over beets and allowed them to soak in tap water for 20 minutes to get an example of what would be considered a 10 on my color intensity scale. From there, I poured water into a beaker and allowed it to sit on the counter to achieve room temperature of 22˚C. While the water was sitting, I put each portion of beet into individual beakers and began to test each portion individually.
There are two types of chromosomes (male or female) X and Y, also known as the sex chromosomes. The chemical responsible for inherited characteristics and gender. They are found within DNA and protein seen in a dividing cell. Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm refers to all cell material outside the nucleus but within the cell boundary. This is a gel like fluid where chemical reactions take place.
All nucleic acids have two distinctive ends: the 5’ (5-prime) and 3’ (3-prime) ends, which refers to the carbons on the sugar. For both DNA and RNA, the 5' end bears a phosphate, and the 3' end a hydroxyl group. Nucleic acids are synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction. The following diagram represents the general structure of part of a DNA molecule showing its bond type and organisation: Cellular respiration: Aerobic respiration involves a catabolic reaction in which the larger molecules (nucleic acids) are reduced to smaller units (nucleotides) and this occurs in glycolysis. The covalent bonds (high energy bonds) between nucleotides create energy when broken and mostly occur in the cytoplasm.
Using the glass rod, I carefully and gently stir the mixture for approximately 15 seconds, using the stop clock. Using a clamp stand, I suspended the funnel over an empty beaker. I pour all the mixture into the funnel after leaving it for 5 minutes and again started the stop clock. I recorded all the time taken for the gelatin to pass through the funnel. I repeated the procedure for 1%, 3% and 5% of enzyme concentration VARIABLES: INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Enzyme concentration (trypsin) was the independent variable because they are the changes that were directly caused by me.
Repeat this step twice. * Collect aqueous layer into same Erlenmeyer flask and place into ice bath. * Precipitate the product using minimum 5ml of 12M NaOH. * Chill for 10 min. then vacuum filter.