2.2 How children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors Poverty and deprivation - how and where a child grows up can have an effect on their health development they may have medical problems like asthma. If they live in a flat or tower block they may not get out as much and this could affect their physical development. If there is a very low income in the house there may not be enough food or the right sort of food like fresh fruit and veg this could affect their growth and energy. Family environment and background - Some parents do not have any input in their childs development like education this may
The young people may find it hard to socialise outside of their family because of judgements being made about them. This may lead the young person to develop negative feelings about themselves or society for not fitting in. This may affect them getting a job. Being in the care system means that a young person is separated away from the family unit due to a family breakdown and could possibly be split up from siblings. this impacts on the life chances of the young person because they may not be able to fully put their trusts in the adults around them because of all the new changes they have gone through.
Family can have a big effect on a child’s development for example if the child is an only child he / she will not know how to socialise with other children. If the child has a parent who has a long term illness then he / she is likely to spend a lot of time alone, so he / she would be withdrawn and `hang back` from many activities, also this child probably would spend most of his / her time indoors and their physical development might be delayed. If the child is abused or neglected he / she might be afraid of adults or children that are loud and this could affect all areas of development as the child would not be able to concentrate. Poverty can affect children`s development as children who are in poverty, would get less opportunities, as their family will not be able to afford to buy books, pens, puzzles and sports equipment. Also if the family cannot afford to buy enough food, the child might have trouble concentrating and absorbing information.
Environment 14 up wards At this age if a child has not been able to move away from poverty area then their life will be fighting to improve it on little money and a lot of hope At this age the lack of parents input can course problems, emotionally and they don't always understand how money works as they have always been given it. Most would rather have parents love then money. Restricted environment can stop children becoming all they can be and cause disruptive and emotional behavioural outbursts or go the other way and can close inside them
Material depravation is the lack of money and resources in the home. Sociologists who are ‘material depravation sociologists’ believe that the main cause of underachievement is lack of money and resources due to poverty. Overcrowding can lead to children not being able to study/ do homework, there may also be disturbed sleep, also, in a crowded household, children have a higher risk of accident. Families living in temporary housing will also be worse off as it means the child may have disrupted education. Howard (2001) noted that young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins, and minerals.
Poverty can result from low income, unemployment, parental separation, illness or disability, addictions or criminal activities, all of which can lead to children suffering from malnutrition or poor diet as a result of not being able to afford quality food, which could result in lack of concentration or poor performance in school. They could suffer from other health related issues, which could limit opportunities and influence the child's outcome in life. They could get bullied as a result of their clothing or because they do not have the latest must have accessories. Children who
Social class differences in pupils’ home background plays a key role in causing differences in educational achievement. The material factor with the most impact on differences in achievement is poverty, such as adequate housing, diet and income. It causes children to achieve badly academically and mostly affects the working class. Poverty can cause working class underachievement in that a poor living environment could consist of overcrowding, and so pupils don’t have a quiet place to study and work efficiently. Also, the lack of a balanced diet can lead to absences from school and can cause them to loose concentration in class due to hunger.
The personal choices that a child makes can have a lasting effect on their life. Both smoking and drinking alcohol can become addictive. | Being in Care System | Social Factor | Being in the Care System is a Social Factor because this can result in the child being more withdrawn from others and in some cases less trusting. Due to poor relationships with their parents/adults, which is the foundation of making relationships and friendships with others. | Poverty | Economic Factor | Poverty is an Economic Factor because without the money to pay for good education or extra support the child may not do very well academically it has been proven that children who live in poverty do not perform as well as more affluent children.
2.1 Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors Health, Disability & Social if the health of a child is poor this could make an impact on their development. For example, a child with uncontrolled asthma or cystic fibrosis will not be able to be as active as other children meaning there physical development will not be as advanced as the others, not being able to get out and about playing with other children as much as others could also affect the child’s social development meaning they may not have as many friend as the other children and would make it hard for the child to make friends as they grow older. Learning Difficulties Children with that have a difficulty learning and developing new skills may be falling behind their generation, this will have a really big impact on every factor of development such as physical, social and intellectual skills. Children with this issue may also find it difficult to communicate with other children and stay interested whilst having a conversation. Schools offer lots of support to children with learning difficulties such as one to one lessons to keep the child up to date on their education like the other children.
Emotional needs of children need to be met ‘neglect can occur when parents abandon the child, or simply have no time to spend with the child, in essence leaving the child to raise himself’ (http://www.minddisorders.com/Kau-Nu/Neglect.html) see appendix …. Neglect can affect the child’s development. An example of how neglect can affect a child’s health is poor nutrition, if the correct nutrients are not are not available to children the child’s growth development will not follow the normal pattern and developmental stages will be delayed. ‘Common physical and psychological reactions to neglect include stunted growth, chronic medical problems, inadequate bone and muscle growth, and lack of neurological development that negatively affects normal brain functioning and information processing.’ (http://www.minddisorders.com/Kau-Nu/Neglect.html#ixzz2HxRH2n98) see appendix …. This negativity affecting the brain can make processing problems difficult for the child understand social relationships or harder for the child to complete academic tasks without assistance or intervention from others.