If there were more female judges there would still be gender disparity, but more women would be in jail. Male judges are more lenient. There are more male judges than female judges, therefore there are less women going to jail/prison
This classification makes sense because if crime is caused by terrorists; terrorist will cause crimes. If the majority of minorities are in prisons, then people of color will end up in prison. On the opposing side of racial profiling, many minorities feel that it is a form of racial discrimination that only hurts the good image law enforcement upholds. For example, the California Highway Patrol has recently been taken to court for the misuse of racial profiling. Therefore, a compromise must be made because it would be ideological to believe that there can be a government that bans the use of racial identification.
Irwin and Cressey, put forward the Importation models. IT claims that aggression is brought into the institution, because of the characteristics of the individuals. These aggressive and violent traits are imported in to the institution, and this is why it is it is evident rather than the environment. The model is supported by research by Kane and Janus; they found that inmates who had greater periods of unemployment, lower levels of education and a more serious criminal record were more likely to be aggressive in prison. This supports the importation model, as it shows that the aggressive individuals imported these characteristic into the institution due to their background there more likely to be aggressive.
Criminals are less likely to commit a crime that they know carries a strict sentence. Crime rates will plummet for this specific crime. With the increasing numbers of inmates, there will also be an increasing number of employment needed to monitor these inmates. This strong sentence also would bring more justice to victims and the families of the victims. Ultimately this will help communities become safer.
The majority of studies examining incapacitation effects demonstrate a small but positive effect in reducing crime. However, this crime prevention effect is associated with significant increases in prison populations. Crime can be reduced if the career criminals were identified and incapacitated. This selective incapacitation strategy would identify the offenders who were predicted to commit serious crimes at a higher rate so they could be incarcerated for long periods of
Without plea bargains, our court system would be more swamped than it already is. Another reason is the strength of the case. If there is a question whether the evidence would bring a conviction, then the plea bargain would at least give them the conviction. And if the evidence is obvious and strong, the plea bargain would be good for the defendant, because he wouldn’t have to defend himself in court. Because prosecutors are “graded” on their conviction rate, getting those
With respect to race/ethnicity, Whites have been far more likely to support the death penalty than African Americans (Bohm, 1991; Cochran & Chamlin, 2006; Longmire, 1996), and Whites tend to favor harsher sentencing policies (Johnson, 2006), longer prison sentences (Rossi, Simpson, & Miller, 1985), and are less likely to support rehabilitation efforts (Gerber & Engelhardt-Greer, 1996). Some research suggests that women are less supportive of capital punishment than men (Cullen, Clark, Cullen, & Mathers, 1985; Longmire, 1996), more favorable of shorter sentences (Blumstein & Cohen, 1980), and significantly more likely to support rehabilitation or diversion programs (Applegate, Cullen, & Fisher, 2002; Haghighi & Lopez, 1998), especially for juveniles (Sprott, 1999). However, other studies have found that women may be equal to or even more punitive than men (Flanagan, 1996; Thomas et al., 1976). Tests of the relationship between age and punitive attitudes have produced mixed results (Cullen et al., 1985; Haghighi & Lopez, 1998; McCorkle, 1993; Thomas et al., 1976). It may be that
In the criminal justice system, legal, and extralegal factors are used to determine the seriousness of a crime, along with a person’s past criminal record. A person’s gender, race, and class are considered extralegal factors. Many African Americans and Hispanics are differentially involved in criminality, which means they commit more crimes, and are targeted more by prosecutors, judges, probation officers, defense attorneys, police officers, parole officers, and parole board members. Many of these individuals are poverty stricken and unemployed, therefore a target for bigotry (Racial Disparities, 2011). Drawing a conclusion regarding what ethic group is targeted the most can be based on causes and correlates of racial disparity.
The most serious crimes resulted in capital punishment. In addition, forced labor and the equivalent of prostitution was a common kind of punishment enforced on females. Attitudes toward crime and punishment historically have been informed by prevailing ideas about class, gender, race, and nation. Most crimes during these times were non-violent. Activities that would be considered criminal in the 1700s would not be considered a crime today.
The main idea of the chivalry thesis is this prospect that men are socialised to act in a way more chivalrous – or gentlemanly – toward women so they end up convicting men more than women. Otto Pollak (1950) argued that women’s crimes are less likely to end up in official statistics due to the fact that “men don’t like to accuse or punish women” so the criminal justice system is more lenient toward them. The chivalry thesis can be supported by the work of Graham and Bowling who used self-report studies and found that men still commit more crimes than women although the gap is now smaller. They also found that women are more likely to be cautioned whereas men are more likely to be arrested. Nevertheless, the chivalry thesis also has many criticisms including results from a study carried out in a