Author: Jake Date: 12/09/2010 Introduction This essay includes my findings from research on the disease, and explains the signs, symptoms, causes, cures and prevention of the pathogen Cholera. The Bacterium Cholera is a severe bacterial infection caused by the bacterium “Vibrio cholerae”, the most common symptoms of the infection are diarrhoea ,vomiting and muscle cramps, this can lead to rapid dehydration and sometimes death. You can transmit Cholera by water that is contaminated with infected faeces; and also transmit it due to poor food hygiene1. Cholera kills an estimated 120,000 people a year2. If the bacteria enter the small intestine, they use their flagella to propel themselves through the lining of the intestinal wall, they produce a toxic protein.
Case Study Risk of Infectious and Communicable Diseases Cholera, a gastrointestinal infection caused by toxigenic bacterium, Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139, can cause acute, severe, watery diarrhea, dehydration, and death. Known risk factors for cholera outbreaks include lack of access to safe drinking water, contaminated food, inadequate sanitation, and large numbers of refugees or internally displaced persons. The 2010 cholera outbreak in Haiti following a severe earthquake and flooding underscored the vulnerability of populations due to poor sanitation, a strained public health infrastructure, and large numbers of displaced people. The earthquake in January 2010, damaged drinking water treatment facilities and piped water distribution systems throughout Haiti, and displaced an estimated 2.3 million people, the flooding that occurred later in the year exacerbated the problems. As of mid-November 2010, the Haitian Ministry of
(CDC) Initially a fever develops, followed by runny nose, cough and water eyes and koplik’s spots(small white spots that develop within the cheek and mouth). After several days the rash develops ,initially to the head and upper neck, then spreads to the lower body. The rash may last up to 14 days. (WHO) Measles related deaths are most likely to occur to those individuals who are malnourished or have weakened immune systems due to conditions such as HIV and AIDS. Complications of the disease include encephalitis, blindness and pneumonia.
Meningococcal meningitis is a fast moving, deadly infection that kills 10 to 13% of its victims within a matter of hours or days (CDC, 2015). Those that do survive usually have severe complications associated with having the disease such as amputations, brain damage, deafness, arthritis, loss of kidney function, and seizures. Increased contributing factors that encourage the spread of the disease results from several things associated with close contact, such
Just over 50% of the population had been immunized against infectious diseases before the earthquake, well below the World Health Organization goal of 90%. According to figures from the Ministry of Public Health and Population, there are also approximately 4,000 amputees that need ongoing support, which is particularly devastating in a country where the majority of the population travels by foot or bicycle (Office of Haiti Special Coordinator, 2011). Cholera is an outbreak caused by the lack of clean water and washing facilities. Clean water and soap will dramatically slow the disease from spreading. There was a Cholera outbreak in Haiti due to the lack of these two basic necessities.
According to the World Health Organization, Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by contaminated food or water. From the time a person is infected, the disease will show up in as little as one day. Cholera causes severe diarrhea and vomiting that leads to dehydration and kill within hours if left untreated. With proper fluids and antibiotics, cholera is an easily treatable disease. In 2010, the Haiti National Public Health Laboratory declared a cholera outbreak in Haiti after being notified of a sudden increase in patients with diarrhea and dehydration.
The virus can be contracted when people breathe the contaminated air or touch a contaminated surface and proceed to touch their eyes, nose, or mouth. The measles virus can live in the air or on a surface up to two hours after exposure of the virus. Many high risk factors come with an unvaccinated person being exposed to the virus. It has been proven that ninety percent of unvaccinated people whom come in contact with the measles will become ill with the virus. Travelers whom travel to countries that have an increased risk of measles outbreak need to protect themselves by getting vaccinated before traveling, this could help to prevent bringing the illness back home with them.
a prostrating biphasic illness begins. 2 to 3 days after initial infection, symptoms of fever, malaise, body aches, headache, anorexia, nausea and vomiting begin followed by red spots in the mouth and on the tongue. Patients are most infectious during this period. Twenty-four hours later, the skin rash appears, beginning with flat red spots on the face and neck which spread quickly to other parts of the body. The skin rash evolves uniformly in all areas.
Signs and symptoms of severe infection include, watery diarrhea 10 - 15 times a day, abdominal cramping and pain which may be severe, fever, blood or pus in stool, nausea, dehydration, loss of appetite, and weight loss. There are some causes for C. difficile. C. difficile bacteria can be found throughout the environment - in soil, air, water, and human and animal feces. A small number of healthy people naturally carry the bacteria in their large intestine. But, C. difficile
about 500 to 1,500 happen in the us every year. this disease has two types; type I is caused by anaerobic bacteria with or without the presence aerobic bacteria, type II also called hemolytic streptococcal gangrene is caused by group A streptococci, other bacteria may or may not be present the disease may be also be called synergistic gangrene.Muscle and fat tissue are affected as a consequence of infection. Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe complication of group A streptococcal infection. The bacteria cause the destruction of skin and muscle by releasing toxins. Additional complications can occur from necrotizing fasciitis, such as shock and organ