Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Ozone

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HSC Chemistry- Task 1 OPEN-ENDED INVESTIGATION Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) and Ozone • Identify the origins of CFC’s and halogens in the atmosphere • Discuss the problems associated with the used of CFC’s and access the effectiveness of steps taken to alleviate these problems. • Present information identifying alternative chemicals used to replace CFC’s and evaluate their effectiveness of their use as a replacement for CFC’s. • Analyse available information that indicates changes in atmospheric ozone concentrations, describe the changes observed and explain how this information was obtained. • Identify the origins of CFC’s and halons in the atmosphere Chlorofluorocarbon’s (CFC’s) are a man made compound that was invented in the 1930’s by Thomas Midgly and his assistant. They were invented for an alternative to dangerous substances like ammonia, which is a highly flammable and a toxic gas used as a refrigerant and as a spray can propellant. At this time CFC’s were believed to be ‘safer’ and had more appealing properties. Being non-toxic, non-flammable, non-explosive, insoluble, and chemically un-reactive, resulted in CFC’s becoming popular and therefore extensively used. As CFC’s are so inert and have low boiling points they were also used widely as solvents, propellants and blowing agents in foams. Due to the enormous amount of CFC’s used, leakages in spray cans, refrigerants as well as general use, the CFC gases were released into the atmosphere. As CFC’s were so inert they did not react in the troposphere and gradually made their way to the stratosphere. This is where the ultraviolet energy separated the C-Cl bonds and as a result Cl free radicals were formed which reacted with ozone under UV light and thus destroying he ozone layer. When the chlorine atoms reach the stratosphere they undergo photodissociation. The chlorine radicals rapidly

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