Magic marker inks are often mixtures of several compounds. Paper chromatography is a common method of separating various components of a mixture. After separation, you can observe the different colors that make up a particular color of magic marker ink. You can also calculate a ratio Rf, which compares how far each compound traveled to how far each solvent (substance that dissolves another substance) traveled during the experiment. Rf = Ds/Df Ds = Distance traveled by the compound Df = Distance traveled by the solvent Materials: coffee filter, tape, isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), water, 3 different color magic markers (not permanent); 3 identical tall, narrow drinking glasses; metric ruler, 3 pencils Pre-lab Questions: List one extensive and one intensive property of marker ink.
Pg. 459 #1-12 all 1.Explain why a suspension is considered a heterogeneous mixture. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture because the particles may remain mixed with the liquid while the liquid is being stirred, but later they settle to the bottom. 2.Classify the following mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous: a. lemon juice- can be either, because with pulp it is heterogeneous, and without pulp it is homogeneous. b. tap water-homogeneous c. blood-heterogeneous d. house paint-homogeneous 3.In a solution, which component is considered the solvent?
Observing Changes – Materials & Procedures Materials Water Copper (II) sulphate (Powder) Copper (II) sulphate solution Iron nail Sodium carbonate Hydrochloric acid Magnesium ribbon Flame (candle) Sugar Aluminum foil Test tubes Test tube rack Tongs Medicine dropper Spoons Beakers Safety goggles Scoopulas Procedures Water and Copper (II) Sulphate Procedure 1. Add a small amount of solid copper (II) sulphate to a test tube with a scoopula. Record the physical properties. 2. Write a hypothesis on what you think will happen when water is added.
Rather, overtime the dried seaweed would soften with the water and form a mixture. 3. Define: a. Decant- gradually pour from one container to another, leaving the solid behind. b. Filtrate- a liquid that has passed through a filter c. Extract- a preparation containing an active ingredient of a substance in concentrated form d. Precipitate- the formation of a solid in the reaction of a solution e. Tincture- a medicine derived by dissolving a drug in alcohol Notebook (Photocopies included) Observations: -Iodine crystals- glittery, brown-black in color, small pieces with a length of about 4 mm and thickness of about 2 mm, brittle -Fucus seaweed- dry, dark green, strong pungent scent, stiff, easily snapped into two pieces -Tincture- brown liquid, strong alcohol scent, fairly thin and runny -Isopropyl alcohol- clear liquid, alcohol smell Observation of reagents, starting materials and changes during extraction: We broke the dried seaweed into small
A binding material can be separated by dissolving the tablet in ether since three active ingredients are soluble. Then, aqueous K2HPO4 and KOH are used to extract the ether solution with the conjugate base of the Aspirin layer and the conjugate base of the Acetaminophen, respectively. The caffeine can be isolated from the left over layer by evaporating the ether. Two separated solutions form solid by acidifying with HCl and the solid residue can be collected by vacuum filtration. According to the Revell's lab experiment, aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine recoveries are 60% or higher, <10% and <5%, respectively.
Experiment 6 A & B: Thin Layer Chromatography Date: 10-9-12 Purpose: (A) Use thin layer chromatography to separate mixture of compounds of Fluorene, Fluorenol, & Fluorenone, then determine compounds found in unknown sample. (B) Determine development solvent by experimentation. Try 3 solvents for separating a pair of compounds that differ slightly in polarity. Procedure Outline:Part A1.Drew pencil line across plate 1 cm from bottom2. Marked 5 1 cm intervals on line starting 0.6 cm from edge of plate3.
Include surface description and color of pigment if present on the slants. Don’t confuse this with the color of the media which is light amber. Growth on agar slant (3pts) | Growth in broth tube (3pts) | Growth was up into agar slant with many smeared and bubblygrowth going into the linemade from the inoculating loop, thus covering it with growth. | Slightly turbid with few low lying particles at bottom of test tube (precipitation), pale yellow color. | | After mixing broth tube (3 pts)Still some turbidity, with few particles from bottom beingmoved throughout test tube, then settling again at bottomof tube, pale yellow color.
CHM 1321 B Assignment 4 1) Diethyl ether and 1-butanol have similar solubilities in water, but their boiling points are very different. Explain why these compounds have similar solubility properties but different boiling points. Each molecule has about the same amount of Van der Waals interactions, and the Van der Waals surfaces are relatively large. Each compound has a dipole, lone pairs on oxygen and is able to hydrogen bond with water. Therefore each compound has similar solubility in water.
Introduction: You are aware that sugar dissolves in water but oil does not. What factors determine whether one substance will dissolve in another? A solvent is a substance that is capable of dissolving other substances and forming a homogeneous mixture called a solution. The substance dissolved is called the solute and is the component present in the smallest amount. The dissolving process involves a consideration of the relative strength of three intermolecular attractive forces.
It is concluded that these are the three ingredients in a tablet of Excedrin. By using the line equation and the calculations represented in appendix A, this is how much of each ingredient is in an Excedrin tablet. References: 1. Williamson, Kenneth L., and Katherine M. Masters. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments.