Case 23, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Case 23, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus versus type 2 diabetes mellitus Type 1 diabetes mellitus | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | * beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed * The presence of antibodies to islet cells and insulin. * Insulin secretion decrease slowly. * Common in childhood and adolescence. * Injection of insulin is vital. * Contributing factors: * Genetic predisposition * Environmental like infection, stress triggers | * Increased of glucose in the liver insulin resistance in the liver and skeletal muscle * Fat cells produce free fatty acids and relative insulin deficiency. * beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed * blood glucose levels are reduced * Oral medication, injections are sometimes required. * Contributing factors: * Obesity * Age * Lack of physical activity * Genetic predisposition * Racial/ethnic background | 2. The presence of auto-antibodies indicate type 1 diabetes mellitus 3. Risk factors Risk factor | Mrs. Douglas’s risk factor | * Age * Family history * Physical activity level * Obesity * Race | * Age over 65 * Weight 155lb * Family history * His race | 4. Complications associated with DM * Heart and blood vessel disease * Nerve damage (neuropathy) * Kidney damage (nephropathy). * Eye damage * Foot damage * Skin and mouth conditions * Osteoporosis * Hearing problems 5. Mrs. Douglas is experiencing: * Retinopathy * HTN * Unhealed wound * Bladder infections * Micro and macrovascular 6. Physical examinations Physical examinations | Pathophysiology | Unhealed wound | Due to neuropathy and ischemia, diminished ability to fight infection | Retinopathy | Eye disease, occurs when blood vessels swell and leak fluid in the retina | Bladder

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