The the study was replicated by Hofling (1966), who aimed to test the possibility that obedience may change when in more realistic circumstances, this study found an obedience rate of 95%, so obedience does occur in real life settings. Milgram's study has generalisability because of this. A limitation of this study is lack of mundane realism and so it has low ecological validity, with participants possibly not believing the confederate had not come to harm with the use of electric shocks. Another limitation is that study has many ethical issues, like deception as well as lack of informed consent, these conditions may have been required but are still obvious issues with participants being lied to about the true aim of the study. Another ethical issue that would have been prominent was protection from psychological
Some people, especially psychologists, believe that the best way to give advice to our friends, family and other people is to identify what they want and then advising them about how to reach that they desire. However, other people, including psychoanalysts, think that it is not necessary to find out the interests and goals of the people who are asking us an advice. As you can see, this issue is a controversial one but a closer examination reveals that identifying what people want is mandatory in order to give a good advice. My reasons are the following: First, if we don’t identify what people want, probably we will give a wrong advice. In other words, if we don’t consider the motivations of these people who look for an advice, probably we will advise them based on our personal desires and goals, which probably may be the opposite of these people want.
It would also be interesting to fit Quine and other philosopher's into the discussion by substituting their language, as Palmquist substituted Kripke, into this Kantian framework. By agnostically 'accepting both' frameworks as possibilities and instead establishing some form of feedback loop between the two to reconcile then, we could then use the resulting framework in a variety of disciplines to guide both our research and in every day life, our actions. I do believe such a framework would be consistent, but its use would have to not be taken too far, as it is not a complete one. It is merely a way of making sense of things in some meta-framework, a way that has been a great tool to me since December 2014 thanks to your class. As Gödel showed though any argument for it, would pre-suppose it .
There are many strengths and limitations of questionnaires for the study of attitudes to education, which could be practical or ethical issues. Positivists agree with using questionnaires, because they collect quantitative date to identify trends and patterns. They are also reliable because they can be repeated, and they are representative. In contrast, Interpretivists dislike the use of questionnaires, as they believe that they are invalid because they are closed questions that can’t go into detail and they are impersonal due to the lack of depth in answers. Some sociologists often use questionnaires to study issues such as; subject and university choice, bullying and the experience of schooling, achievement and school factors and parental attitudes to education.
In addition, some people may give false information, which is why some researchers like to stick to interviews and experiments for increased accuracy. Positivists favour questionnaires, as they tend to be reliable. They are also representative so it can be easy to generalise in most cases. However, questionnaires present a range of practical issues that can affect the reliability. For example, with postal questionnaires the researcher cannot be sure whether the respondent has actually received the questionnaire.
One thing I have learned from my experiences is, even in a profession such as the military using incorrect grammar can determine success or failure. The article “99.9% of Proper Grammar is Obsolete” published by David Wertheimer, he states that 99% of the grammar individuals type is obsolete. The ironic part is those users do not know that their grammar is obsolete. Proper grammar can be learned but the user must understand the importance of using proper grammar. Grammar errors may seem small and unimportant but when the same error continues to occur it can become an issue or even embarrassing.
The Hartman Self-Assessment is an assessment of personality traits, in this instance, used to determine career placement. On one side it is believed that the validity of personality assessments can be distorted by a manipulated response or faking. The other side, argue, that most staged test to prove faking, to be invalid because the testing is not practical, as most applicants for a real job will not fake their response and are more motivated to reply with integrity and honesty. However in case studies the applicants are encouraged to answer in a particular way, which eliminates the motivation factor. To test both theories I took the assessment twice; first answering truthfully and as I thought it pertained to me, then answering as I thought would be the correct answer.
Traditional models of decision-making are built on logic and rationality. Although such models may be elegant in the logical structure of their processes, reality shows that decision-making rarely follows such a logical structure. Decision-making processes vary and are often confounded by various assumptions and biases held by the decision makers. Finding a more successful model of decision-making requires recognition of the assumptions and biases affecting decisions, along with recommendations to minimize their ill effects. Bias is a tendency of people to favor information that confirms their beliefs or hypotheses.
Ethical Issues In Social Psychology Research Donna Ware Capella University PSYC3520 Professor Julie Johnson August 19, 2012 Abstract Participants in psychological research from a methodological perspective are sometimes deceptive. The deception is either in the setting, reason or the design of the study. Most researchers believe that methodological deception is okay and that the code of ethics should be revised. There are some concerns of this kind of deception and its’ risk of psychological harm of the participants as well as violating their freedom or independence. So, looking at how some of the ethical issues using deception in research concerns can come about and comparing two studies such as the Milgram’s Study and the Zimbardo Prison Study to determine if deception used was justifiable.
Most people underestimate their merit and ability to recover from failure, leading them to pass up valuable opportunities. The ability to fail big and fail often has been a mark of the spectacularly successful throughout history. The following strategies will help you put risk and reward in perspective so you can overcome the fear of failure. 1. Consider the cost of missed opportunities - The biggest risk that people fail to consider is the benefit they lose by avoiding high risk/high reward opportunities.