First, he points that not all addictions are chemical substances and there are many activities that can be addictive to people. These activities do not alter the brain in such a way to be able to say the addiction has changed the brain so much it is diseased. In addition, the American Society of Addiction Medicine declared addiction to be a brain disease based on findings that addictions effect
This research has greatly benefited our understanding of brain functions. By identifying causes, cures can be made, which will allow for better treatment of the disorder. Testing specific areas of the brain is the only way to determine biological causes of depression. The limbic system, for example, regulates emotions, physical and sexual drives, and response to stress (The Limbic System, 2013). Gaining greater understanding how the limbic system and other areas of the brain operate is essential to identifying potential obstructions that disallow the normal flow of chemicals/communication within the brain, which may cause a person to become depressed.
This has contributed to our understanding of our behaviour because we know that the different parts of the brain work together to produce behaviour as opposed to just using only just one part of the brain. This is shown with patients who have their Corpus Callosum cut, which is the middle part of the brain that allows both the hemispheres to communicate with other. When this is severed, the brain’s hemispheres cannot communicate with each other anymore, instead they work independently, for example, the right side of the brain is responsible for the left half of the body and the left side is responsible for the right side of the body. Because the sides are no longer able to communicate, the parts of the body work independently with the left part of the body operating to what the right hemisphere sees and the right part of the body operating to what the left hemisphere sees. However, the just because one part of the brain is damaged it doesn’t make a huge change to our behaviour, for example if Wernicke’s area of the brain, the area that is responsible for understanding language was damaged, we won’t be capable of understanding
There are two such diseases that affect only the sensory transduction layer, the photoreceptor layer, of the retina. The first is AMD and the second is retinitis pigmentosa (RP), both these diseases result in a lost of photoreceptors, see figure 1. surgical challenge. As to epi-retinal versus sub-retinal, the epiretinal approach is easier form a surgical point of view but the mechanical anchoring of the implant to the epi-retinal surface is difficult[2]. This can be partially alleviated by placing the device subretinally[3], though the surgery becomes more difficult. Cortical implants offer another means of restoring visual function by placing a device that interfaces directly with the brain.
New understanding of the communication between the brain and immune system provides a physiological explanation of why such cures sometimes worked. Disruption of this communication network leads to an increase in susceptibility to disease and can worsen the course of the illness. Restoration of this communication system, whether through pharmacological agents or the relaxing effects of a spa, can be the first step on the road to healing your mind and body (Sternberg & Gold, 2012). References Friedman, S. H. (2002). Health Psychology Second Ed.
Running Head: FLUOXETINE AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY Treatment of Depression in Adolescents: Effectiveness of Combing Fluoxetine and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Elizabeth Bledsoe Truman State University Abstract Adolescents face depression due to many stressors they experience. Symptoms of depression can range from irregular sleep patterns to suicide. Antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression. The most noted antidepressant is fluoxetine, also known as Prozac. Studies have shown that fluoxetine use alone is somewhat effective in treating depression; however, newer treatments need to be found.
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that assumes negative behaviors and emotions that are caused by faulty thoughts and thinking patterns (Ford-Martin, 1999). CBT helps clients develop new ways of thinking and behaving. (Galanter ,Keller, & Weinberg, 1997). CBT is used quite often to treat substance abuse issues. The approach focuses on maladaptive behaviors (addictive behaviors) by changing what it perceives to be the root cause of them (faulty thinking).
Why use Words when the Mind Works Better: How Advances in Handicap Compensations will Improve Computer to Human Interaction How can we help people affected by blindness, deafness and amputation to live in a world that relies so heavily on our senses? It is not enough to see but to hear, not enough to have a body that moves but the feel of touch and temperature. Feedback that helps us make sense of the environment around us. It is our human nature to help those who have been affected by tragedy, disease or birth defects. New research in biomechanics and neurology have given us insight and abilities to restore vision to the blind, sound to the deaf and reasonable replacements to amputees and the disabled so that they can function easily in our society with the addition of feeling in their new limbs.
Although they can't replicate your natural hearing ability, hearing aids can dramatically improve your awareness of surrounding sounds and voices. Folks who opt for hearing aids can revel in better relationships with family and pals, higher self-esteem, intellectual fitness, and more independence and safety. Each person experience a different hearing loss. The benefits of hearing aids are dependent on the degree of loss and capacity to recognize speech sounds as well as the type of hearing aid resource. Additionally, environmental sounds and architecture can also have an impact on listening.
The two types of consciousness our text discusses; are the perceptual consciousness and the mental structure of our brain. The Perceptual consciousness is the sense that we have when we know what is going on around us and we can communicate and know what we are saying. The other state is when our minds has a suppressed thought or memory of an image in our unconscious that when it is recalled, passes through our preconscious, that filters the unpleasant parts and guards against anything that may cause anxious or anxiety feelings. This is important to understand this relationship between the three states of consciousness because it is necessary for us the understand how our brain functions and why we do the things we do when we are awake and to understand that if we can control our brain function better, we can better control our lives. (Feist & Feist,