Washington’s views on "racial progress" were that offered black acquiescence in disenfranchisement and social segregation if whites would back the idea of black progress in education, agriculture, and economics. Agriculture to Washington was one of the soul ideas of his "racial progress" theory. Washington argued that the focus of African-Americans should be education on a trade so that they could be taught the skills they needed to be able to open up their own businesses. That would lead to African-Americans to create jobs for other African-Americans. Washington felt blacks shouldn’t worry about winning civil rights, but rather have some kind of economic stability first.
sMalcom X versus Martin Luther King Emily Voutes Malcolm X (1925-1965): Even his own name is a stab to the opinions of prejudice white folks during his era. This is true because his own, self declared last name "X" represents "the rejection of slave-names” and the absence of an inherited African name to take its place." Meaning that he was prepared to create a personal identity that represented himself and his race, and not a name that a white man forced upon him. Though they had similar characteristics and morals; his approach to the civil rights movement compared to the strategies of other civil rights leaders of his time, such as Martin Luther King, Jr. differed greatly. Rather than trying to integrate the black community into the white, Malcom X focused on the complete separation of the two races.
Malcolm X begins breaking down the bridge between Black and White America at the beginning of the speech, phrasing his sentences in such a way as to convince his audience of the fact that your place of residence does not determine who you are, and therefore blacks shouldn't identify with White America. Though blacks are considered "citizens" of the United States, Malcolm X asserts "Everything that came out of Europe, every blue-eyed thing, is already an American. As long as you and I have been over here, we aren't Americans yet." Malcolm X continuously refers back to the concept for the rest of his speech, stating that blacks are not Americans rather, they are just Africans. He begins the sentence with "Everything that came out of Europe," creating the impression that absolutely everybody from Europe was accepted into American society, including low class criminals and other people of such low moral character, while all blacks, even highly educated individuals such as MLK, Jr. are still looked down upon in society this statement fuels the already passionate and strong hatred of his black audience.
Brandon Valois Dr. Geddes American History 1/30/12 In the 3rd reading of Booker T. Washington’s 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech, his main goal was getting the South to united as one without racism and inequality between whites and blacks. One of the major quotes in his speech is, “Cast down your bucket where you are”, and tells his fellow blacks that they must do everything in their power to make friendships stronger between the whites and develop relationships that will help them rise above. By doing so he believes and says that the whites in return should also cast down their buckets by providing and handing over jobs in agriculture, mechanics, commerce, domestic service and in the professions. He states to the whites that they trusted blacks with the jobs of watching their children and the makings of their cities and railroads. Another major point he makes in this speech is that blacks need to learn to put brains and skills to their occupations of life instead of just labor to achieve higher standing and success.
Washington preferred a gradual incline of black involvement and acceptance, whereas DuBois preferred immediate direct action. DuBois tried to get African Americans to be involved in politics for this would be the only way their freedoms would be maintained and that could gain influence in society. Carter Woodson states that without political involvement, they would “lose ground in the basic things of life,” (Doc I). DuBois says that the original democratic system does not exist anymore; a caste system replaced it with the white men on top, who try to diminish the civil liberties of those below them, the blacks (Doc F). Dubois’s solution is that African Americans must constantly fight and argue for what they desire in order to ever gain their rights (Doc E).
When he wrote in the letter, “You deplore the demonstrations taking place in Birmingham. But your statement... fails to express a similar concern for the conditions that brought about the demonstrations." Dr. King addressed a flaw in the clergymen’s argument. This statement then leads to his point that the demonstrations were inevitable and necessary. When he wrote the phrase, “… left the Negro community no alternative,” he managed to emphasize that there was nothing else African-Americans could do.
The decision overturns the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that sanctioned "separate but equal" segregation of the races, ruling that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." It is a victory for NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, who will later return to the Supreme Court as the nation's first black justice. In 1957, King established the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) with fellow activists C.K. Steele, Fred Shuttleworth and T.J. Jemison. In Birmingham, Alabama, desegregation was being violently resisted by the white population.
The purpose of this organization was to fight against discrimination and the iniquities faced by African Americans in everyday society and the military. While at a Pan-African congress conference in 1972, Dubois states his ideas and beliefs concerning the welfare of Africans and the African American community. He asked for development and benefits for Africans instead of profits for Europeans. He asked for the right for African Americans to govern themselves. He felt that they could not be properly represented any other way.
There are three advertisements that come to mind when people think of products featuring African Americans: Uncle Ben, Aunt Jemima, and Rastus the Cream of Wheat Chef. These three faces came about in the late 1890s to show wholesome, delicious, southern cooked meals. It took the Black Power protests to start the forcing of the change of view of African Americans in advertising. According to the Museum of Public Relations, “Advertisers were forced to acknowledge that African-Americans were intelligent consumers who would not buy products by companies that refused to represent their lifestyle in commercials and print ads.” So African Americans started to encourage others to “Buy Black” and support black owned businesses. Targeting advertisement s to African Americans hit a high peak around the 1970s.
As a leader of the American civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, Martin Luther King argues for the urgency of changing segregation laws. In his “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” it addresses the public statement made by the Eight Alabama Clergymen. King effectively proves that his demonstration in Alabama was not “unwise and untimely” as his fellow clergyman has stated through the use of sentence structures, an anaphora, and some metaphors. To demonstrate his desperation for change, King stresses on the amount of time the Africans in the United States had waited through a well-planned use of sentence structures. He repeats “wait” in paragraph 13 to build up tension and to place more emphasis to the word.