C6 H12 O6 = 2C3 H6 O3 + 2ATP (lactate) This is a structure of ATP ATP contains sugar which is Ribose, a base which is Adenine and three phosphate groups. Biological systems transfer the energy in glucose to ATP because unlike glucose ATP releases its energy instantly in a single reaction and also the hydrolysis of ATP releases a small amount of energy, ideal for fuelling reactions in the body. Glucose is obtained from food; we eat pasta which is a carbohydrate which is then broken down into glucose by the digestive system. The process which breaks this down is known as catabolism, this is the breakdown of food components, breaking down
Fats- The fats are the compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are long chain fatty acids and glycerol. The main function of fats In the body Is to provide a steady source of energy. Fats containing saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature such as, ghee, butter, dalda etc. Fats containing unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature such as ground-nut oil, musturd oil etc, Proteins- The proteins are highly complex organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
Lipids are insoluble within water, they have high energy content and can be metabolized to release calories, but they have many other uses as well. Lipids help to create lasting structures within an individual’s body; lipids are also electrical insulators and are needed Bile is secreted from the gall bladder into the digestive tract, and lipase is secreted for
The digestive system helps break down this food into small pieces, the enzymes within the digestive system breaks the protein into amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates into glucose. The sugar, amino acids and fatty acids are able to be used as energy sources in the human by body cells. Energy requirements are ordinarily expressed in terms of calories. The calorie used in nutritional discussions is actually the "large calorie “Calorie. This is really a kilocalorie the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (about 1 quart) of water one degree Celsius.
1 Lipids GRT TASK 1 208.5.6 Rosina Lloyd Western Governor's University 2 A. Explain how energy is stored as fat, including identification of storage molecules and tissue. The molecule fat is store in the body in many forms. It can be stored in the body as a carbohydrate, which is used when the supply of fats is limited. Fat is also store in the system as triglycerides that forms three of our good saturated fatty acids.
Structure similar to substrate | Harmful noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor | C. Tie up metals | Feedback enzyme inhibition | B. Binds to allosteric site | Ribozyme | D. Catalytic RNA molecule | Question 5 Potentially, how many molecules of ATP can be generated by prokaryotes from the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O? Answers: 38 Question 6 How many molecules of ATP are spent by prokaryotes in the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid? Answers: 2 Question 7 Although the production of ATP during fermentation is limited, its advantage over respiration is that in fermentation Answers: | The final electron acceptors could be either inorganic or organic molecules | | Glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O. | | There is not need of an external molecule to serve as a final electron acceptor | | The production of FADH2 and NADH is higher than in respiration | | Glucose is oxidized to ethanol.
The monosaccharides are them absorbed into the bloodstream. From blood, the monosaccharides are carried to the liver and converted into glucose and then stored in the liver or sent back out to feed the individual cells. Any fiber continues to the large intestine where some is metabolized by bacteria, but most is excreted. Fat From the mouth, chewing food breaks it down to a degree. The lingual lipase, found in saliva, plays a minor role in breaking down fat.
The specific substrate in this case that is acted by Aldolase B is fructose-1-phosphate. This is later converted into DHAP and glyceraldehyde. The product, once finished, will then enter the glycolysis cycle to form ATP (Hudon-Miller, 2012c). Role of Aldolase B in the Breakdown of Fructose Aldolase B is found mostly in the liver but can also be present at lower levels in the kidney and intestinal cells. It is involved in breaking down a simple sugar called fructose.
To add on, yeast is one of the many important ingredients used in baking. This enzyme converts sugar (glucose) to carbon dioxide and ethanol which causes foaming. The foaming liquid travels into the air pockets and lets loose carbon dioxide and alcohol making the dough rise and hold high. The alcohol let off contributes to the bread’s own flavor. For example, when baker’s make dough for bread, they use yeast to make the dough rise and become bigger, fluffier and softer.
Describe the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and the regulation of blood glucose Carbohydrate is a polymer made up of monomers called glucose. There are two types of glucose namely alpha glucose and beta glucose. Carbohydrate is the main substrate which produces energy for any mechanism such as metabolic reactions, active transport and the movement of vesicles. In living organism such as human, carbohydrate is stored as glycogen where mostly be found in muscle. However, glycogen cannot diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane so it must be broken down into smaller molecules known as glucose which can diffuse through the glucose co-transport channel protein spun across the phospholipid bilayer.