1) Genetic engineering or genetic modification is the process of altering an organism’s genetic material for a beneficial purpose. Genetic modification is used to improve the products we obtain from plants and animals making them more nutritious, less-harmful manufacturing processes, and production in large quantities making them less expensive. 2) Gene Therapy- when an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal gene in order to treat a disorder or medical disease Plasmid- small circular DNA molecules in the cytoplasm of bacteria, these molecules cut DNA into a recognizable sequences DNA Polymerase Chain (PCR)- technique used to make copies of a certain gene. Biologists particularly use this with tiny genes that are rarely available. Hybridization- crossing different traits to bring the best of organisms into one.
pGLO Transformation Scientific Report BY : Tom riddle pGLO Transformation Scientific Report BY : Tom riddle Introduction The aim was to conduct an experiment that genetically transformed bacteria with Biorard pGLO plasmid. The pGLO plasmid has ability for the production of the green Fluorcent protein (GFP) (Biorard2000) which is also found in jellyfishes. The experiment conducted was to transform the e-coli bacteria with jellyfish gene that code for green fluorescent protein (GFP). During the experiment procedures were undertaking for the genetic transformation, at the end if done correctly the new developed jellyfish gene in the bacteria will glow under UV light. In this experiment there were main 4 hypothesis made according to each agar plate each with a different types of genes on them.
Procedure : Microscope is very important tool in biology The sort of magnifying lens that we utilized as a part of this lab is a compound light magnifying instrument. Light magnifying lens amplify the picture of the example utilizing light and lenses. This lab gave us the opportunity to observe and learn how to use the compound Light Microscope. The different experiments were conducted to know how different the image is in lowest power and in higher power Depth of Field: Microscopic image at different levels of focus. Then we calculated by multiplied the magnification of the ocular lens (table 2.3).
These techniques called immunoassays also allow microbiologists to identify genes that result in resistance to antibiotics and to distinctive identification markers via DNA of the individual isolates for epidemiological tracking. Recognition of newly emerging infectious diseases and control of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and common gram negative bacilli depend heavily on
How can recombinant DNA and bacterial cells be used to produce vaccines? 8. How can engineered plasmids be inserted into bacterial cells? 9. What is epidemiology?
It is for this reason that Identification of bacteria is very important in the many areas of microbiology (Singh, 2009). There are many reasons for identifying an unknown bacterium. The reasons range from medical purposes, such as determining if the unknown could cause ailments in living things or knowing what microorganisms are needed to make antibiotics to other purposes such as knowing the exact microorganism has to be used to make certain foods (Burton, 2003). Throughout this report we will be addressing the differences in methods of identifying unknown microorganisms and differentiate between the results of these techniques by explaining how each outcome was achieved. The main aim of these experiments is to determine whether the unknown microorganisms are of Gram-Positive or Gram Negative nature and ultimately to determine exactly what kind on microorganism the unknowns are.
Purpose (5 points): The purpose of this lab is to learn how to extract DNA and to analyze extracted DNA. This lab allows the conductor of the lab to analyze the steps taken to extract the DNA and realize the purpose of each step. This lab activity teaches one how cell barriers can be broken. Hypothesis: If the enzyme, alcohol, detergent, alcohol, and salt are all used accordingly to extract the DNA from the split peas, then a small amount of the DNA will separate from the solution, looking like long thin strands. DNA is insoluble in alcohol, but soluble in water, so this experiment will test this scientific principle of alcohol.
This form experimentation was forever changed however when Gregor Mendel began experimenting with pea plants, in order to determine components of heredity. Mendel’s work forever changed the way we think of science and in many ways it changed the way we look at ourselves. Following Mendel’s example we will also be examining the principles and patterns of heredity, using our current knowledge of genetics and gene expression to analyze and make predictions of
Genetically modified organisms are organisms that have had their DNA altered in a way that does not occur naturally. This process is also sometimes called “genetic engineering” or “gene technology”. It allows selected individual genes to be transferred from one organism into another, also between nonrelated species (WHO, 2011). This process is used in creating genetically modified plants, which are then used to grow GMO foods. Genetically modified foods could provide a solution to provide more availability and affordability to healthy foods.
Lab 3: The Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance Abstract In this lab, the issue was on antibiotic resistance and how bacteria evolves over a short period of time to become resistant to a certain antibiotic that is administered when trying to treat an illness or infection. In order to test antibiotic resistance, three techniques were used: PCR mutagenesis to mimic the evolution in the CTX-M-2 gene by inducing mutations with in it, selecting alleles that can give resistance to an antibiotic drug, and test the resistance of the mutant alleles to other antibiotics (Barlow, 2). Observations at the end of the lab showed that there was a change in antibiotic resistance because of the induced mutations of the CTX-M-2 gene; some mutants were less resistant and some were more resistant to the antibiotics used. So, the conclusion that was derived from the final results was that mutations do not always affect how resistant a bacteria will become, but that mutations do affect how the antibiotics react to the bacteria when the two are combined. Introduction When the antibiotic penicillin was first discovered in the 1940's, it was thought to be the drug that could cure all illnesses or infectious diseases; it was able to cure pneumonia and tuberculosis.