In other parts of the world sexism is more prominent because males have dominant roles over women and therefore look down upon them. Not only is there sexism, but there is ambivalent sexism which is defined as sexism directed against women based on both positive and negative attitudes (hostility and benevolence) rather than uniform dislike. To better understand ambivalent sexism I took a test that would rate my hostile and ambivalent sexism. The Ambivalent sexism inventory measure how sexist you are towards men and women. My scores from this test were quite surprising to me.
Gender also creates important social divisions amongst societies and further divide the social classes creating even more divisions in society. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and relations of men and women. 'Gender norms' allocate specific rights and responsibilities to men and women, for example, women might be expected to take on caring or domestic duties and remain in the home, while men may be expected to work outside the home, and provide financially for his family. This therefore creates ‘gender relations’ and in return creating unequal power between men and women. Within society women remain in roles and relationships that often make them subordinate to men, because they are paid less than men for the same work, or because they are not permitted to take on higher status work.
Cohen explains how the use of folk devils create a ‘moral panic’ where now society becomes frightened by these ‘folk devils’ and label male individuals according to this stereotype, thus resulting in different treatment. This causes deviancy amplification where the more males are portrayed as deviant individuals, the more deviant behaviour they carry out as it is expected of them anyway and there is a self fulfilling prophecy: ‘living out their label’ as proposed by Becker. In addition the chivalry thesis comes into play as females are therefore seen as ‘not as bad’ in society, including by the police, so if they were to carry out criminal activity the criminal justice system may be more lenient towards them as they have no stigma attached. This reinforces the assumption that male’s are the ‘folk devils’ as it would therefore reveal men to have higher crime statistic rates. For example according to the ministry of justice (2009) it has been found that women are more likely to receive a caution than prosecution: the figure for females was 49% in 2007 compared to the male caution figure of 30%.
Examine the extent to which social divisions are socially constructed. Use either gender or ethnicity to construct and illustrate your argument. Society is constructed through several social divisions, one of these being divisions being gender. Gender can be defined as a ‘socially determined difference based upon the biological differences between the sexes’ (Marsh et al, 2006: 216). Fulcher & Scott (2011) believe gender to examine the differences between men and women in relation to feeling, thinking and behaving.
Ignorance What causes cross-cultural conflicts? In the articles “Sex and Gender” by William Thompson and Joseph Hickey, “Sex, Lies, and Conversation” by Deborah Tannen, and “Identity in Transformation” by Yasmin Ahmed, each will explore the many obstacles people face in their lives and demonstrate how clashes among different cultures are caused by assumptions manifested from expectations. In “Sex and Gender,” William Thompson and Joseph Hickey explain the differences between sex and gender. Most altercations come from the differences in terms of sex and gender that aren’t clear to others, ”Sex is based on biological and physical differences between females and males; gender refers to a cultural understanding of what constitutes masculinity and femininity in a society” (285). Sex is established by genetics whereas gender is shaped by ones particular society at particular times.
In Huxley’s Brave New World the men and woman have very different roles in society. The women are seen as inferior to men, for example in places of work where a position of power is needed a man will have this job because men are represented as being mentally superior to women. This is relevant to most of the situations in Brave New World. When it comes to situations of a sexual nature then men are held in a higher standing than women. The motives behind Huxley’s depiction of women in this way is to sort of poke fun at Sigmund Freud’s theory that the origins of all inner conflicts are the family.
Jainil Patel Professor Schroepfer EAD - II 3 November 2011 Essay 3 – Rough Draft 1 Kilbourne and Devor Social forces shape one’s gender identity which creates problems for that individual in the future. Men are supposed to act in a so called “masculine” way and women, in a “feminine” way. Sex is based on physical differences whereas gender is based on social differences between males and females. In the majority of the world, most aspects of male gender are more highly valued than those of females. In Becoming members of society, Aaron Devor points out that the way we act or present ourselves in society had a great deal to do with our sense of a gendered self.
Johnson, “What Is This Thing Called Patriarchy?” discusses the social inequalities, privileges and oppression between men in women in today’s society and uses history to explain the present. The essay talks about America living in a patriarchic society because of this idea that men have between control and fear. They feel as they need to control everything and the fear of not having that control makes them even more controlling. Women tend to be devalued and discriminated because they are women. For many years women have been trying to gain more respect from other women but mostly men, so that they can be equal to them.
In which the rules might stereotyping women and create discrimination. Mostly, gender inequality happens in the kind of patriarchy system which man dominates or leading the society and family. Usually, they experience violence within family, rape, sexual abuse, torture, etc. Some of the other issues commonly asked to be recognized as part of women’s rights are: bodily integrity and autonomy, the right to vote (universal suffrage), hold public office, work, fair salary or equal pay, own property and to enter into legal contracts, education, serve in the military, to have marital, parental and religious rights. It is also happen in Iran, they feel like they do not have the freedom to get those things yet because of the strict rules that discriminates them.
Masculinity is a privilege that can structure society. Masculinity being the dominant gender has many advantages which are shown within Society in many different ways. Masculinised privilege can structure society because most institutions are male dominant and including other organisations. In Society we see that Masculinity is a privilege in terms of Identity within male and female relationships, Workplace, Homes and Schools. Masculinised privilege within society can be a positive impact and a negative.