When Australia enters into an international agreement, domestic law is modified by statute to embody principles of the agreement. Laws are not fixed, they can be removed by a later act of parliament/changed through legislation reform. Some of the most important human rights legislation include the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) and the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) Common law and statute law promote and enforce human rights in Australia through common law, precedent on international law (Bangalore principle 1988) and the fact it can be overruled by statute law, and through statute law where the executive power signs and ratifies treaty and parliament make all/some of it
Finally, Australia’s reliance on unwritten conventions and how this leaves our democratic institutions vulnerable and open to attack is also considered. On the 1st January 1901 Australia was unified under a federal system of government by the Australian Constitution (“Parliament and Government,” n.d., para. 1). The Constitution “established the Commonwealth Government (now known as the Australian Government), defined its structure, powers and procedures, and defined the rights and obligations of the states in relation to the Commonwealth” (“Australia’s federation,” n.d., para. 3).
Six state parliaments. Two territory parliaments. The members of parliament are elected by the people and must therefore represent the needs of the people if they wish to keep their seat in parliament. The elected members of parliament are also responsible to the parliament and the people for their actions. The Australian parliamentary system is based of the British Westminster system, which was adopted in the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (UK), known as the Commonwealth Constitution.
‘Australia does not need a Bill of Rights, whether constitutionally entrenched or by ordinary statute. Such a Bill would reduce parliamentary sovereignty, politicise the judiciary, increase the costs of the legal system, complicate human rights protections and constitutional arrangements and encourage trivial and vexatious complaints. Moreover, there is no convincing evidence that such a Bill would significantly enhance Australia’s human rights protection given Australia’s good record on human rights protection, particularly when compared internationally and given Australia’s commitment to parliamentary democracy.’ Regrettably many of the premises in this argument, however sound they may seem, do not hold up when examined. Australia has been regrettably seen as a wolf in sheep’s clothing when it comes to the issues of human rights On one hand it championed and was given responsibility in 1948 to the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and has since been a leading member of the UN in adopting their Treaties. However the most recent period since September 11 2001, legislative and executive practice, has seen the erosion of human rights in Australia.
Electoral majoritarianism can sometimes be selfish and indifferent to wrongs and discrimination. Both major political parties currently actively support discrimination against asylum seekers, as well as the continuation of the Northern Territory intervention. There is simply not a feasible option for the Australian people to show their distaste for the discrimination that is occurring, even if they are both aware of and oppose it. As long as these policies benefit the major parties politically, they will continue. III.
Accepting shared responsibility by knowing what our role is and what’s expected of us is very important, following recognised procedure and understanding shared values all promote good relationships. Educational values such as school Mission Statements and classroom Golden Rules helps all of us to promote a positive learning environment in the school. It is very important to have a good relationship with someone as they could help with disputes or disagreements, when they arise. Treat people how you expect to be treated, treat people as an equal and positively to promote effective communication. 1.2.
1. Know the policies and procedures of the setting for promoting children and young people’s positive behaviour. 1.2 describe with examples the importance of all staff consistently and fairly applying rules for children and young people’s behaviour in accordance with the policies and procedures of the setting. The importance of being fair and consistent it is important that everyone in the setting is both fair and consistent when dealing with children’s and young people’s behaviour. When you are fair and consistent in your response to inappropriate behaviour, the child’s sense of security and knowledge of right from wrong will be reinforced.
1. – Explain why effective communication is important in developing positive relationships with children, young people and adults. Communicating effectively within the school setting, young people and adults are very important to enable strong relationship to build between children, young people and adults. To developing positive relationships with the children is the main key to a happy and calm environment. Without a positive and supportive attitude there will be no trust and honesty between yourself and the children.
They ensure that all the children in the school understand clearly how they are expected to behave in a kind and considerate manner and also encourage them to learn in a positive environment. The policies include guidance in two areas Promoting appropriate behaviour in the children and discouraging
The toys need to be interesting and appealing to a young child. The toys should also be well suited for the age group you are selecting toys for. They cannot be too complicated and be well suited to the child’s physical capabilities. If the toy is painted, it must be with non toxic lead free paint and must be able to be cleaned easily. For electronic toys, they should be approved by the UL (Underwriters Laboratories) which is where they test to make sure that all electronic toys are safe for young children.