Before the widespread establishment of chattel slavery (outright ownership of the slave), much labor was organized under a system of bonded labor known as indentured servitude. This typically lasted for several years for white and black alike, and it was a means of using labor to pay the costs of transporting people to the colonies. By the 18th century, court rulings established the racial basis of the American incarnation of slavery to apply chiefly to Black Africans and people of African descent, and occasionally to Native Americans. A 1705 Virginia law stated slavery would apply to those peoples from nations that were not Christian. In part because of the success of tobacco as a cash crop in the Southern colonies, its labor-intensive character caused planters to import more slaves for labor by the end of the 17th century than did the northern colonies.
Millions of Africans were shipped by force o America. The slave trade had many disastrous results in Africa societies. The slave trade became an important aspect of a dynamic and complex situation in Africa during the period from the 15th to 17th centuries. Slaves had been treated the same in the Ottoman Empire and Africa. Slaves in Africa and the Ottoman Empire were a part of society and had a chance to promote.
During the Slave Trade, many slaves came from different slave ports: Eastern Africa, Guinea Coast, Southern Africa, Western Sudan, and Central Sudan. The Middle Passage was used to describe slave trade from Africa to America. Approximately 10 million slaves came to America between 1603 and 1863. Some people also call it the Triangular Trade, because the ships traveled on ways that formed a shape of a triangle. The trips from these different countries to America were tremendously awful.
In Sparks’s writing, the Robin Johns’ story allows us "to translate those statistics (of the slave trade) into people" (5). The Robin Johns’ enslavement and liberation resulted from their active roles as slave traders at the West African region of Old Calabar. Ephraim Robin John and Ancona Robin John were members of the elite Efik slave traders of Old Calabar and participated in the Ekpe secret society that governed the commercial relations with Atlantic traders. As Old Calabar grew from a small town in the late seventeenth century to one of the most important slave trading regions of the eighteenth century, Efik traders such as the Robin Johns came to
African slaves on the other hand, were very available according to records from the “Estimated Immigration into the thirteen colonies and the United States…1607-1819” statistical table- There were 33,200 slaves available in the years 1607-1699, and 278,400 slaves available 1776-1809- An increase of 245,200 slaves. Bacon’s Rebellion played a large role in the transition from the use of indentured servitude in favor of the African Slave Labor System. Nathaniel Bacon led thousands of impoverished, discontented freemen and indentured, who deeply resented Governor Berkeley’s policies, in a revolt which resulted in the razing of Indian villages, and the deaths of many. His rebellion had failed, but had ignited the unhappiness of the former indentured servants- Paranoid of the indentured servants turning against them, powerful tobacco lords looked to Africa for slave labor, in favor of indentured servants. In addition to the fair price of African slaves, they were really good workers and also skilled in growing staple crops from
The slave trade impacted Africa’s population, turning it into half of what it was expected to be in 1850. Organization of the Trade: 1. Triangle trade is a trade network in which slaves from Africa were carried to the Americas, sugar, tobacco, and other goods were carried from the Americas to Europe, and European products were sent to the coast of Africa to trade for the slaves and start the whole network. African Societies, Slavery, and the Slave Trade 1. Europeans made slave trade acceptable by saying that is was already practiced in the continent and they were not the first.
1518 - First boatload of slaves brought directly from Africa to the Americas Cause: Europeans accustomed to slavery were coming to the Americas. Effects: Slavery helped owners gain wealth and property. The United States grew and slavery eventually became a necessity for the Southern Plantation owners. Driven by humanitarian and economic reasons the country became divided and erupted into Civil War. Significance: Slavery brought Africans to America, challenged this country to look at all men as equals and made us leaders in the world for civil rights of mankind.
Ch.4 Sec 1: Slavery and Empire -Mercantilism realized: the triangular trade. -West Africa had become a thriving slave industry since the Portuguese had arrived while going to the West coast. Most slaves went to other destinations, like South America( Brazil), Caribbean and then some to the Americas. Very little of them went straight to North America. *The Ordeal of the Slave* -A state of perpetual terror: 1) first caught from her/ his tribe by the Europeans or another tribe.
Many African slaves worked in the fields with rice, indigo, and tobacco. The “Middle Passage” stood for the critical section of the maximum Mass Movement in of the humanity in history which was the molding of the “Atlantic World”. Towards the end of the African slave trade for more than triple centuries the Atlantic slave trade more than ten million Africans were taken to America of the millions many died in the transition. The ones that survived came from 1701 until 1810 when more Africans reached the New World. Many were mostly sent to the plantations such as the sugar plantations this was mainly in Brazil and in the Caribbean’s.
What were the impacts of the atlantic slave trade on African societies? From the 16th, until the 19th centuries, millions of Africans were sold and forcefully displaced to Europe and the Americas. This large scale forced migration of Africans to Europe and the Americas, known as the Atlantic slave trade, was part of a global economic process that lasted between the 1440's and the 1860's. Geographically, the atlantic slave trade extended from the western coast of Africa to the rest of the continent. It covered the area from the islands of Goree Saint Louis, in present Senegal, to Quelimane, in current mozambique.