In medieval times, childhood was very different to what it is today. In fact, it was barely recognised because children were treated like adults. Neil Postman argues that there was nothing to separate childhood from adulthood. For example, information was communicated through town speakers and gossip which took away the innocence and naivety of childhood. In addition, the high infant mortality rate meant that there was no emotional attachment between parents and their children.
Hodges and Tizard used a longitudinal approach to study, the effects of early experiences and later development. They found that children who were raise in an institution during the sensitive period were unlikely to develop an attachment even when restored to their biological parents. The Czech twins (Koluchovia 1976) were detained in a basement by their stepmother until the age of seven. Although they were severely affected they had normal social and intellectual capability by the age of fourteen, and at the age of twenty they were above average intelligence. A weakness in Hodges and Tizard study is that the parents may not have invested the same time emotionally.
Emily’s father was a strict man who was very set in his ways. He believed in the traditional life-style of the south and considered his family better than others. His philosophy was that Emily should not be associating with such common folk of a different social stature. “We remembered all the young men her father had driven away, and we knew that with nothing left, she would have to cling to that which had robbed her, as people will” (3). He was not able to come to terms with himself that the times were changing, and in turn, Emily was shunned away from the more modern generation of people her own age.
Traditionally young children were left at home, and as Mrs Graham voiced her opinion on the matter the reaction was met with astonishment and disapproval. The contemporary belief that mothers should not overindulge their sons was embodied in Mrs Markham as she responded “I call that doting. You should try to repress such foolish fondness, as well to save your son from ruin as yourself from ridicule.” Secondly, the author addressed how society viewed the relationship between mother and son. Mrs Graham´s affection for her son
In 1994, when I studied special needs issues during graduate courses, the text(s) included a few pages of information and instruction on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). I am bewildered by the lack of exposure because Autism is not a modern problem. With considering the short history of psychiatry and even the shorter history of child development and child psychiatry, I may shed some clear understanding on my puzzlement. Also when I think about historical viewpoints of the 1800’s and early 1900’s, occurrences of children displaying any form of dysfunction were seen as devil children; these children were discarded, hidden, and sometimes but to death. By 1911, Eugene Bleuler, a Swiss Psychiatrist, brought more understanding by introducing the term autism, meaning "living in self” to describe self-absorption due to poor social relatedness in
Also, we are unsure if Genie was retarded from birth. This is a weakness as her lack of intellectual development may be due to being retarded opposed to the effects caused by privation. We are also unsure if genie had an attachment with her mother or brother. If Genie had formed an attachment then this study does not provide research into attachment privation. In 1976, Koluchova conducted research into the case of Andrei and Vanya, twin boys whose mother died soon after they were born.
He is a child not planned for or not wanted. Neglect begins, therefore, before he is born” this is a quote by Pearl Buck that addresses the primary reason for child neglect. Many people see neglect as a silent problem because neglect is passive and often characterized by depression and resignation. According to Walker (2008), “While newspapers and TV news shows regularly highlight stories of child physical and sexual abuse, the companion problem, child neglect, hardly gets a mention. Neglect, unless accompanied by pictures of squalor or emaciated kids, is much harder to capture in a headline or sound bites” (p. 1).
‘My father must have woken from his bewitchment’ implying that there are some lines that cannot be crossed. Gender roles also falls into her parent’s life, it was uncommon for a woman to take charge of her household instead of her husband another social value questioned. Julie’s actions can be compared to the naturalist tenet that humans have no free will or very little of it due to the environment and heredity that determine the choices that they make. Her mother didn’t conform to society and its norms and neither does Julie clearly shown by her indiscretion with Jean. So it’s almost as if here recklessness was passed down to her from her
Parents with the authoritarian parenting style can be summarized in one phrase, “Children should be seen and not heard,” as stated by Joseph Lao, Ph.D., in his article Parenting Styles. One study found that about eighteen percent of American’s have parents with the authoritarian parenting style (“Parenting Styles – Authoritarian, Permissive, or Authoritative,” para. 9). The Authoritarian parenting style is more common among ethnic minority families than among while white families (Kopko, 2007). These authoritarian parents believe that it is their responsibility to provide for and take care of their children and know what is in their best interest and their children should have no say in how they should be taken care of and/or raised.
The protagonist of The Outsider, Meursault, is estranged because he does not fit into the social norm. At the news of his mother’s demise, Meursault does not feel the agony that normal people do when hearing their parents’ deaths. His lack of emotion is further evinced by his sending his mother to the Senior’s House. In Meursault’s psyche, he feels that his mother is a burden to him. He thinks that the Senior House is a better choice for the both of them as his mother would be happier there.