Some incidents, such as violent crimes or serious accidents, are synonymous with high levels of anxiety, which can affect the memory encoded, thus affecting the accuracy of the testimony. Loftus (1979) conducted a laboratory experiment to test the link between anxiety and the accuracy of recall and identification. Participants in this study were exposed to either a situation involving the overhearing of a low-key discussion concerning equipment failure, and then witnessing a man emerge from the laboratory holding a pen and with grease on his hands, or a situation involving the overhearing of a heated and hostile exchange between people in the laboratory, and then witnessing a man emerge from the laboratory holding a paper knife, covered in blood. When asked to identify the man holding the pen, participants accurately identified the person 49% of the time. However, when asked to identify the man holding the knife, participants accurately identified the person only 33% of the time.
One day, a dusty old $48 sword, that was on display in a glass case in the basement, turned up missing. And “Jack-The-Wack” (as he was secretly referred to by his staff) decided to pay $500 to have all ten of his employees given Polygraph (lie-detector) tests, at a cost of $50 per head. At 17 years old, I was one of those ten nervous employees who had to wait two weeks to undergo their polygraph test. Taking that lie-detector test left me with a lifelong interest with the polygraph. First, I will give you a little bit of a background on the polygraph, then I will explain some of the testing procedures, and finally, I will discuss the controversy behind the polygraph tests.
The criminal justice system relies heavily on eyewitness identification for investigating and prosecuting crimes in that, it may be the only evidence present for identifying criminals in certain cases (Wells & Olson, 2002). The strong weight given to eye witness identifications is nonetheless a matter of concern as it eye witness identifications have been demonstrated to be flawed, even when witness confidence is high. Experience has shown that the convincing and sincere witness can often be mistaken. Memon (2008) explains where eye-witness testimonies have been greatly unreliable; where Jean Charles de Menezes was shot by police as a result of mistaken identity. According to eye-witnesses he was described as suspicious, jumped over a ticket barrier and was wearing a wearing a bulky jack supposedly concealing a device.
Often, threats or promises are made to the suspect off camera and then the camera is turned on for a false confession. Without an objective record of the custodial interrogation, it is difficult to gauge the reliability of the confession. For law enforcement agencies, recording interrogations can prevent disputes about how a suspect was treated, create a clear record of a suspect’s statements and increase public confidence in the criminal justice system. Recording interrogations can also deter officers from using illegal tactics to secure a
One held Louima down, while the other penetrated his rectum with the end of a wooden plunger, perforating his colon and rupturing his bladder, and then forcing the object into his mouth, chipping a few teeth. In the end, the four officers involved all received prison time, and Louima gained $8.75 million in civil law suits. You’re probably getting the misconception that ‘police brutality’ is solely when a cop kills an innocent civilian. True, but not always. Police brutality is the use of any sort of unnecessary force towards people; be it physical or verbal.
A receptionist was in the room for a short while and made an excuse to leave. Participants in the controlled condition heard inoffensive conversations about an equipment failure and then saw the target individual leave the lab with a grease pen in hand uttering a sentence. Participants in the experimental condition heard an argument with
In the test participants where in a lab where they thought they were going to be discussing things when a man with greasy hands and a pen came in, they heard a hostile discussion, followed by the sound of breaking class and overturned furniture. A man then emerged from the laboratory holding a knife covered in blood. Participants where then given 50 photos and asked to identify the man who came out of the laboratory. People who had witnessed the peaceful scene were more accurate at recognizing the man with the pen that the witnesses who seen the man with the blood stained knife as he weapon took away the focus of the man’s
Starting with his action to take aim at innocent pedestrians walking by, also pretending to fire shots at them. Pretending to kill or injure others in different cases may be ok to certain types of people, but from my point of view it only contributes to the actual violent acts that children may partake in their life time. Some may disagree and say otherwise because
Police agencies do not want the focus of police to be a racial issue. As an attempt to counter these thoughts and issues against police agencies, agencies adopted less lethal force weapons such as the use of tasers and OC spray. In order to decrease the number of fatal shootings the go to less lethal weapon of choice is the taser. As used, it has shown that it to be very effective most of the time but in some cases where your opponent is on some type of drug or has a mental issue that the taser does not have a good effect of them and they can still preform while getting the shock. Same goes for the OC spray, some people can fight right through the pain and it have no effect on them what so ever.
3. Bullies lack empathy, and may even get pleasure out of other people’s pain Studies shown that bullies score low on tests of empathic reactivity, and have also found that bullies can be more likely to develop anti-social personality disorder. This is a condition that causes people to ignore the rights and feelings of those around them. One study scanned the brains of young people who had exhibited bullying behaviors in the past, while they were watching videos that showed people experiencing pain. The researchers noticed a great deal of activity in the areas of the brain devoted to reward and pleasure.