Antebellum Reform: Music

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Antebellum Reform Movement: Music Princeton University defines music as “an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner.”1 Though there is a universal definition for music, music itself is constantly changing. The growing popularity of spiritual music, the transformation of parlor music, and the influence of immigrants on music in the United States all represent the change in music from 1790 to 1860. The religious revival known as the Second Great Awakening caused rapid popularity for spiritual song traditions throughout the United States. The movement was centered partially around outdoor worship gatherings and simple hymns. One group that was known for their ecstatic form of worship were referred to as the Shakers, though they called themselves the United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing. “The Shakers believed in the ability to find and give voice to the Inner Light.”2 Expressions of this belief took the form of hymns and work songs. Shaker meetings became a popular entertainment for some non-Shakers. During the Antebellum reform, parlor music found its way into a variety of American homes. Up until the 1790’s, parlor music was only found in the homes of lawyers, merchants and other people who had experienced some measure of economic and social success. But by the 1830’s, amateur singers and pianists had expanded it into the homes of those who were less educated. The lyrics of parlor songs generally expressed a human experience that was shared by most members of the American society. Parlor music had reached into nearly every household by 1850 after American composers made sheet-music less complicated and more affordable. A variety of musical traditions were brought to the United States because of the diversity of immigrants. To start, the growing abolition

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