It also shows the paintings, sculptures, inscriptions, plans, physical expression, religion, and power during that time. Although the Great Mayan cities were abandoned, the Mayans continued to develop in North Yucatan, east coast of the peninsula, and the Guatemala high lands. There are multiple theories as to why the Maya abandoned some of their greatest cities. The sudden and mysterious collapse may have been from a blend of many factors including, possible population growth, pressure of resources, over exploitation of the land, or even foreign invasions. Foreign invasion of the Spanish conquistadors began in 1441.
On November 8th 1519, Don Hernando Cortes and six hundred Spaniards entered the city of Mexico. In Xoloco, Motecuhzoma’s originally thought that these spanish men were prince Quetzalcoatl and other gods. Yet they were far from gods. They were not there to answer all their prayers and hopes but were there to take over the Aztec Capital. On August 13, 1521, the Aztec capital surrendered to Cortes.
This essay will attempt to prove that the Spanish had a negative influence on the Aztec people. The Spanish made the Aztecs lose control of their social structure, they lost control of their resources and the Aztecs were exposed to deadly European diseases. Firstly, the arrival of the Spanish made the Aztecs lose control of their social structure. The social structure of the Aztecs before the Spanish invaded was very sophisticated. People were classified into four major classes, nobles (pipiltin), commoners (macehualtin), serfs, and slaves.
(2) Even though there were no cities built of gold, the Spanish continued to explore Arizona. They established outposts and missionaries built missions to help the Native Americans. However the more Spanish that showed up, the less friendly the Natives became. The Indians tried to drive out the Spanish on several occasions, only to be thwarted at every turn. By the late 1700s, the Spanish had built the fort of Tuscon, which was “surrounded by thick adobe walls to protect soldiers and their families from the Apache Indians who roamed the
They lived in relative peace from around 1000 - 1100 AD when Mayap n overthrew the confederation and ruled for over 200 years. In 1441 the Maya who had previously ruled Uxmal destroyed the city of Mayap n and founded a new city at Mani. Wars were fought between rival Mayan groups over the territory until the region was conquered by the Spanish. Chichen Itza was first populated between 500 and 900 AD by Mayans and for some reason abandoned around 900, the city was then resettled 100 years later and subsequently invaded by Toltecs from the North. There are numerous reliefs of both Mayan gods including Chac and the Toltec gods including Quetzacoatl.
Mighty cities like Tikal were abandoned and Maya stonemasons stopped making temples and stelae. The dates are not in doubt: deciphered glyphs at several sites indicate a thriving culture in the ninth century A.D., but the record goes eerily silent after the last recorded date on a Maya stela, 904 A.D. There are many theories as to what happened to the Maya, but little consensus among experts. There are many theories why the Mayan civilization disappeared.
In 1897, Benin was conquered by the British due to the fatal attack on the Acting Consul-General James Phillip and his army. As a result, the Benin City was completely destroyed and the Oba was arrested. The Benin art was confiscated and sent to Britain, were they either was displayed in British museums or sold to Germany. The Benin art proved to be much more than just art created by "primitive people" as speculations about the assumptions of black people grew. Even though, the Portuguese were the first Europeans to have an interaction with the Benin world, it was the British occupation of Benin City that led to a cultural key encounter between the Benin world and the Europeans.
Machu Picchu was abandoned just over 100 years later in the 1500s, as a belated result of the Spanish Conquest. The Spaniards never found Machu Picchu even thought they suspected its existence. The Intihuatana stone and its resident spirits remain on their original position. Intihuatana stones were the supremely scared objects of the Inca people and were broken at an Inca shrine. Legend tells that when a sensitive person touches their forehead to the Intihuatana stone it opens their vision in the spirit world.
* Gupta (India) * Chandragupta Maurya came to power and established the Gupta Empire and conquered many kingdoms. * Did not control the south. * Hinduism primary language. * The Gupta Empire lasted until the invasion of the White Huns severely weakened the empire and India returned to regional rule. * Olmec (Mesoamerica) * 1500 bce Olmecs settled in the coastal plain near the Gulf of Mexico along river
Buddhism made a large dispute to the beliefs of Vedic religions because was no caste system to separate social classes, everyone could reach enlightenment or nirvana, not only the royal Brahmins, and people believed that the ability to rid yourself of a selfish/sorrowful life was inside of yourself as long as you follow the middle or eightfold path. In early times, almost all religions had a caste system, which separated social classes into ranks. According to “The Laws of Manu”, the caste system was separated into four ranks (“Laws of Manu”, 10). The highest rank of citizens was called the Brahmins (or Brahmans). The Brahmins were the high priests of Vedic society and the most respected; also, they were the only ones able reach nirvana (Armstrong, 7).