'Only Hard Determinism is justifiable' Discuss. Determinism is the idea that all actions are governed by laws outside of one’s control. Some philosophers believer that one’s ability to make free choices is an illusion whereas, others state that there is something else beyond understanding that may cause one’s actions to be determined. There are a variety of theories which are response to dealing with debate about free will and determinism. Hard determinism is the theory that human behaviour and actions are wholly determined by external factors, and therefore humans do not have genuine free will or ethical accountability.
They take clear stands on issues. What is Huxley’s specific criticism of escapism? How does escapism contribute to a dystopia. Write something like: “ Huxley uses foil, symbolism, and irony to illustrate how escapism breeds a passivity in society that enables the rise of a dystopian regime.” Remember that your thesis needs two parts: a topic and a specific opinion. In this thesis, the topic is escapism; the specific opinion is: escapism breeds passivity which leads to dystopia) In Brave New World, John the Savage and Lenina Crowne serve as foils to display the effects of escapism in human beings .
Eng. 101 B-80 Essay 2 Analysis of “The Obligation to Endure” The essay by Rachel Carson “The Obligation to Endure” uses mostly logic strategy. The purpose of this essay is to show the evidence of the damage caused by indiscriminate use of insecticides and the danger of disturbing the earth’s delicate balance. The audiences of her essay are the people who use insecticides and whom don’t realize the effects that they make on the environment. She is very passionate about her stand point of nature and the use of harmful substances on it.
In the quote below Rand explains why she rejects religion outright, and she believes man himself deserves the attention: Just as religion has preempted the field of ethics, turning morality against man, so it has usurped the highest moral concepts of our language, placing them outside this earth and beyond man’s reach. “Exaltation” is usually taken to mean an emotional state evoked by contemplating the supernatural. “Worship” means the emotional experience of loyalty and dedication to something higher than man… But such concepts do name actual emotions, even though no supernatural dimension exists; and these emotions are experienced as uplifting or ennobling, without the self-abasement required by religious definitions.
In the writings of Principa Ethica(1903);G.E Moore criticises the cognitive stance of Ethical naturalism of Naturalistic fallacy. Here Moore claims that one cannot derive an “ought” from an “is”, this meaning that one cannot move from a fact to a moral judgment as, he saw this as logically inconsistent. For example one cannot say that ethical language or moral terms are similar to natural properties. This would deduce them to as meaningless. In fact, Moore claims that ethical language is similar to simple concepts, by this he means that one can only determine the meaning of ethical language in association with another object.
Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory by Judith Butler Judith Butler argues that gender identity is a performative achievement is constrained by social sanction and taboo. She defined performative as an act by the very fact of it happening, such as the act of promising by saying “I promise”. She explained that the body is what gender is authorized from; in other words, gender is not the starting place, it is identity being repeatedly constructed through time due to the body’s construction. That gender does not come first, instead, it is created by the performance act. Gender is forced in opposition because the existence of the agency has constructed the binary gender system as definite.
Through this confrontation Noonuccal force them to discover the loss of land to the industrialisation which ultimately changes the moral toward the aboriginal community. This notion is elucidated through the quote “Hard bitumen around your feet”. The quote creates a juxtaposition of two distinct cultures through the use of personification of the “tree” and the diction of the words “hard bitumen and around”. The effort of personifying “the tree” allows us to see how much the indigenous Australians value their ethnic and culture while the diction of the word “Hard and around” metaphorically reveals the Aboriginal connection to the land as being lost and trapped inside the modernised world of the white Europeans. It is this juxtaposition of the two cultures that allows the responders to see the loss of indigenous bond to nature to industrialisation.
The novel, like “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” serves as a cautionary tale. Both Victor and the ancient mariner have sinned against nature, challenging the ideas of Romanticism. The layered structure of Frankenstein reflects the influence of Coleridge, likening Victor to the mariner, having to tell his story to Walton to warn him of the dangers of toiling in the divine secrets of nature: “Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge.” Frankenstein explores the consequences of the
Transcendentalism is the idea that the truth transcends the senses. Writers like Whitman and Thoreau believed two of truths were the relationship with nature and becoming one’s own individual. Though in today’s society, these truths have become distant and irrelevant. The transcendental philosophy is based on the premise that truth is innate in all creation and that knowledge is “intuitive rather than rational”. Thoreau’s and Whitman’s writings were emanating individuality of one’s voice, the strength of having original character—that “imitation is suicide” (Emerson).
INTRODUCTION In other to expose Husserl’s phenomenology comprehensively, Matheson outlined two basic critiques on representationalism- the view that consciousness is something like a self enclosed room or box as against the Husserlian view of consciousness as intentional. CRITIQUE OF REPRESENTATIONALISM First, the common –sense realist view that we are conscious of the external world because the world streams into the mind via the senses is misguided because the mind is not literally a physical space (like a camera) into which sense-data can ‘stream’- the mind is not the eyeball or the eardrum. Second, the representationalist theory that states that sense-data allow the mind to reconstruct a ‘representation’ of the outside world and consciousness is an indirect experience of these representations is implausible on close inspection because it seems to be incapable of accounting for the truth: how can I know that my representations are true representations of the world if I never have access to the things themselves against which to measure them. If the representationalist is right, says Matheson, then we live exclusively in a world of ‘copies’ or ‘limitations’ without ever seeing the originals, consequently, we are deluded in thinking that we experience the world and possess no criteria for judging truth. For Matheson, Husserl provides a better conceptual ground for rejecting the representationalist theory.