This is the contradicting of Jung. Jung has analysis himself to experience the unconscious through his dreams and fantasia Jung believe that he was strong enough to make dangerous journey and come back to talk about it. His goal was to understand the unconscious from the purpose viewpoint of scientist. Ellis thoughts are that society is more disturbs and it more inclusive and exact “people disturb themselves by thing that have happen to them. And by the view, feelings, and actions” (p16) Horney’s (1950) also Adler writes that our Emotional reactions and lifestyle are associated with our basic beliefs and are therefore cognitively created.
Human behaviour is the result of experience. For example an individual who has been brought up in an environment in which people are caring this will have an effect on the person’s behaviour as they will learn to help others. However an individual who has been brought up in an environment in which people don’t care about others emotions, it will encourage the individual to treat others unfairly as they will think it’s ok because they have been brought up this way. Stretch, B and Whitehouse, M (2010) Classical conditioning Classical conditioning is a theory which was developed by Ivan Pavlov which was a Russian physiologist. Pavlov designed an investigation which was tested on dogs to investigate their digestive system.
They believe that children can be molded and shaped by the environment through behavior modification, rewards and punishments. The belief that you can mold a persons’ behavior by rewarding them for their good actions and punishing them for the bad allows the behaviorist approach to help people quit bad habits, such as smoking, nail biting, and finger drumming. This is a form of both Radical and Neo Behaviorism. The focus of behaviorism approach is that everything is based solely on behavior and has no focus on the mind or its perception. The Biological approach is the belief that our nervous and endocrine systems, as well as genetics are what define our behavior and personalities.
He said we all need conditional positive regard from our parents, and if we did not receive this is can lead to psychological problems in our future. Humanistic psychologists try to understand behaviour from the actor themselves rather than relying on observations. Behaviourists take the phenomenological perspective, this means that they take an objective unbiased view about something, and they go about studies scientifically. The humanistic approach looks at subjective experiences people have and analyse them from their point of view. All humanistic studies are conducted unscientifically.
Describe how the cognitive approach has been applied to RET The cognitive approach believes that we are information processors. Our thinking and the way we process and interpret events can affect our behaviour particularly our mood. Therefore rational emotional therapy is linked to the approach because its attempts to change the way an individual interprets and thinks about certain events. Ret was devised by albert ellis in the 1950’s. it tries to tackle mustabatory thinking (the thinking that you must be good at everything and like by everyone) by trying to make the patient think more rationally about situations.
To remain receptive to the intuitive process, an individual must trust in himself. Emerson and Kant warn that conformity and consistency in one’s thinking and acting permits society to dictate an individual’s being; therefore undermining the notion of taking responsibility for one’s own mind. This in turn creates barriers the individual must overcome in order to reach enlightenment. In “Self-Reliance”, Emerson believes that the individual loses a part of himself by not being self sufficient enough to trust ones opinions. “A man should learn to detect and watch that gleam of light which flashes across his mind from within…In every work of genius we recognize our own rejected thoughts; they come back to us with a certain alienated majesty…They teach us to abide by our spontaneous impression with good humored inflexibility…” (Emerson, 164) Emerson stresses not the substance of the ‘‘rejected thoughts’’, but their quality of ‘‘majesty’’ or greatness.
Reflection on action is as described above where one contemplates in retrospect. Reflection is largely about self development t as it adds to your knowledge and also challenges beliefs and concepts that you may hold. Reflection is only effective if one follows through with action. 1.2 Analyse the rationale for reflective practice It is human nature that we generally learn from experience, once we have had and experience we naturally observe and reflect on it, through this we form concepts/beliefs and then we test this out in new situations, this goes round in circles each time our view/concepts are being changed as we experience new things. In this cycle self-observation and evaluation helps to understand one’s own actions and to refine one’s practice on an ongoing basis for the benefits of the communities being served.
For me I think it starts with morality in a person. Morality, good manners, decency, and other virtues must be teachable (Feinberg, 585). Morality tries to identify and explain why some people do wrong things and do the right form of act that should be followed by everybody. However, Psychological Egoism is directly opposite with the need of good morals. It is like if I'm given a task to do, I work toward satisfying the standard in order to achieve my own self goals.
The theoretical orientation that is a foundation for this writer is the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. This writer will discuss Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy as her primary approach in terms of techniques, goals, therapist/client relationships and concepts. Other concepts, such as Carl Roger’s Person Centered Therapy will be blended into this writer’s orientation. This writer recognizes client’s are more likely to cooperate with therapy interventions if they feel they are in control of their direction of treatment and the therapist is genuinely interesting in their
Behaviorist also focus more on how we act rather than our brain and nervous systems, they don’t take mental processes into consideration. Cognitivist, however, study mental processes in an individual by focusing on specific behavior and interpreting those behaviors into mental processes so we can fully understand what we do. Finally, behaviorism deals with the way we behave in different environments. They also believe people pick up their traits from their own experiences. On the other hand, cognitivists believe that by reflecting on our own experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world.