Storage Lipids Pages: 346-358 Difficulty: 2 Ans: E Which of the following molecules or substances contain, or are derived from, fatty acids? A) Beeswax B) Prostaglandins C) Sphingolipids D) Triacylglycerols E) All of the above contain or are derived from fatty acids. 3. Storage Lipids Page: 349 Difficulty: 2 Ans: B Biological waxes are all: A) trimesters of glycerol and palmitic acid. B) esters of single fatty acids with long-chain alcohols.
The bond between the fatty acid chain and the glycerol is called an ester linkage. The 3 fatty acids may be identical or they may have different structures. In the fatty acid chains the carbon atoms may have single bonds between them making the lipid saturated. These are usually solid at room temperature and are called fats. If one or more bonds between the carbon atoms are double bonds, the lipid is unsaturated.
Primary and Secondary alcohols can both be oxidized but not to the same extent. Primary alcohols can be oxidized twice as where Secondary alcohols can only be oxidized once. Primary Alcohols can be oxidized to form aldehydes which are the further oxidized to produce Carboxylic Acids: Ethanol Ethanal Ethanoic Acid Secondary Alcohols can be oxidized to form Ketones: Propan-2-ol Propanone Aldehydes a Ketones both contain the same Carbonyl functional group, these similar compounds can be differentiated by using an oxidising agent such as tollens reagent, which when added to an aldehyde will produce a silver mirror. Chemistry of Wine: When wine “goes off” this is an indication that the Ethanol has been oxidized (producing Ethanoic Acid) and other
Title: Org 2.12 – Synthesis Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds – The Grignard Reaction Introduction: Grignard reagents are very useful compounds in organic chemistry. They are named after the French chemist, Francois Auguste Victor Grignard. He discovered them in 1900 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1912 for his work (1). Grignard reagents belong to the family of compounds known as organometallics – organic compounds that contain at least one carbon-metal bond in their structure (2). They are prepared by reacting magnesium turnings with an alkyl halide or an aryl halide, usually in ether solvent.
Another bottle from the same laboratory is labeled “Compound B (isomer of A).” Compound B also reacts with 1 mol equiv of hydrogen, but yields cyclohexanone after treatment with acidic [pic]. a. Suggest structures for A and B. Answer: b. What was the other product formed in the [pic] oxidation of B?
How is the formula of a conjugate acid similar to its conjugate base, and how is it different? (2) They all transform to same molecules, vut Conjugate acid donates an H+ ion and conjugate base gains an H+ ion 10. Show how ammonia, NH3, is a base according to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, but not according to the Arrhenius definition. (Hint: See #8a.) (2) Although NH3 forms OH- with water, it did not donate any proton to form OH- but only gain.
Alkyl halides are organic compounds, which have had one or more of their hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms. They are also known as halogenoalkanes or simply haloalkanes. Some of their commercial uses include solvents, freons, anaesthetics, and pesticides. The intermolecular forces between alkyl halides are dipole-dipole interactions, not hydrogen bonding. An increase in molecular weight would mean an increase in the boiling point of the alkyl halide.
Once produced, the Grignard reagent was then used to synthesise triphenylmethanol by reacting it with benzophenone. Using a Grignard reagent is a useful way of synthesising an alcohol from a ketone. Ketones yield tertiary alcohols so the alcohol produced in this reaction is a tertiary one. Reaction Scheme: Procedure: The procedure outlined in the Chemistry Laboratory Manual Results: Mass of crude product: 0.83g Yield of pure product: 0.04g Percentage yield of pure product: 5% Melting point of pure product: 164.2°C Rf values: Benzophenone: 69% Crude product: 88% Pure product: Nothing was seen under the UV light – TLC didn’t work on it. Calculations: Mass of empty round-bottom flask: 34.0964g Mass of round-bottom flask containing crude product: 34.9264g * Mass of crude product: 0.83g Mass of weighing paper: 0.4555g Mass of weighing paper + purified product: 0.4955g * Yield of purified product: 0.04g Percentage Yield: Reaction ratio is 1:1 Limiting reagent: benzophenone 0.00288 moles of benzophenone used (2.88 mmol/1000) * Theoretical yield of triphenylmethanol in moles: 0.00288 mol Yield of purified triphenylmethanol in grams: 0.04g RMM of triphenylmethanol (C19H16O): 19(12) + 16(1) + 16 = 260g Moles = mass/RMM
If the rate of evaporation is slower, the intermolecular forces are stronger. Alkanes and alcohols are two types of organic compounds in this experiment. The alkanes are pentane and hexane. Aside from carbon and hydrogen atoms, alcohol also contains the -OH function group. The alcohols that were used in this experiment were methanol and ethanol.
Water (H2O) is colorless liquid that’s the basis of life on Earth. It contains two hydrogen bonds and is a polar molecule; it has a dipole moment of 1.85D[2]. Volume percent is a method used when preparing solution of liquids. It is defined as Concentration solute (v/v%) = [(volume of solute)/(volume of solution)] x 100% [5] This experiment is to use volume percent to create different concentration of 3M nitric acid solutions and investigate the effect of different concentration, which creates different strength of intermolecular forces, on the volume of a drop of nitric acid. Research question: What is the effect of different concentration of nitric acid on its volume of its drop?