Acorns and Microhabitats

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Types of oak trees can be split off into two specific groups that have their own types of acorns. The acorns of Red (or black) oak trees have a bitter taste, while the White oak acorns have a considerably sweeter taste to them. To distinguish between the group an oak tree belongs to, investigation of the leaves of the tree will offer answers. Red oaks typically have points to the edges of their leaves, while White oaks have more rounded edges on their leaves. Within each group of oaks, there are also different varieties of trees, however. Pin, black, red, scarlet and willow oaks are Red oaks, while chestnut, bur, live, white, gambel, and post oaks are in the White oak group. Not only do leaves differ between types of trees, but acorns themselves differ as well. Acorns with a smooth surface on the inside of the acorn cap usually come from Red oak trees while the inside of a White oak’s acorn cap is normally fuzzy. Acorns gathered for this experiment were primarily from White oak trees in the area, though some were also Red oak acorns. The White oak acorns were larger in size, and the acorns from the Red oaks were of a medium size. While oak trees and acorns exist in a larger habitat, the area around an oak tree can make up its own smaller habitat. This is called a microhabitat, and many of these fit together in order to create a larger habitat within an ecosystem. Acorns serve as the single most important source of food in an oak tree microhabitat, and many insects feed on and take shelter in these plentiful nuts. One oak tree can create up to 15,000 acorns in a year, though only about 1 in ten thousand of these acorns will successfully grow another tree. Though this greatly decreases the pressure of competition for the oak tree, it leaves the forest floor littered with acorns. And so, insects take this abundant nut as an opportunity for food and shelter.

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