What Is a Rainforest

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What is a Rainforest? 6% of the Earth’s surface is covered with Rainforests. They are the most diverse ecosystems on Earth and contain more than half the planets plant and animal species. Although there are already thousands of different species, there are still many, many more. Tropical Rainforests are located very close to the equator. Because of this, they don’t have seasons and receive between 406 and 1016 centimetres of rain every year. The weather is constantly warm, humid and rainy. There are four different layers in the rainforest. The forest floor – the ground, contains tree stumps, bases and fallen trees, the understorey – made up of small trees, vines and epiphytes, the canopy – a thick level made up of treetops that blocks sun from the levels below and the emergent – made up of trees that grow above the canopy layer. Conditions in the emergent and canopy layers are different from those in the understorey and forest floor. In the top two levels (the emergent and canopy) there is plenty of sunlight and nutrients. The bottom two levels (the understorey and forest floor) receive little sunlight and are often damp. Plants in the understorey and forest floor grow to join the canopy layer when one of the existing trees die and leave a gap of sunlight. The smaller plants then begin collecting the nutrients that allow them to grow and survive. The other plants, that don’t receive sunlight, either die or take advantage of the trees that reach the canopy or emergent layers. They do this by growing around or on the trees (these are called epiphytes) so that they don’t have to grow their own support structure. About 80% of the food we eat came from Rainforests. Without Tropical Rainforests, we wouldn’t have seeds to grow potatoes, tomatoes, coffee, chocolate, pineapple and many more foods. Some epiphytes develop into stranglers. Stranglers have roots that grow

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