The life course perspective emphasizes the importance of time, social context, and process in both theory and analysis by taking into account historical events and changes as well as individual lives. The two central concepts in the life course perspective are trajectories and transitions. Trajectories are the long-term patterns and sequences in an individual's life. These are pathways such as marriage, parenthood, careers, and criminal or non-criminal behaviors. Transitions, on the other hand, occur within trajectories and are single events that are often age-graded, such as changes in societal roles or status.
Mattheq Warren Psy 375 Life span perspective tries to understand how people develop and change through their life (Berger, 2008). The main goal of life span perspective is to concentrate on the continuous change of life, also, how people take in and adapt to the change in their life (Berger, 2008). There are many different ideas that include the properties and influences within the nature vs. nurture catch-22. Recent studies in psychology believe there contains a better understanding of this issue, and rather combines the influences that make out the development of a human life span (Berger, 2008). Of the different theories of Lifespan Development, Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Erik Erikson's theory of Psychosocial Development are among the key theories of Lifespan Development (Berger, 2008).
Evaluate two theories which seek to explain the development of attachment. Your evaluation must include reference to the nature-nurture debate. Discuss the long-term impact of early experiences on later development. Is our psychological behaviour a result from our genes? Or could it be because of the environment we are brought up into.
• Evaluate different parenting styles and their influence on development during infancy and early childhood. Include which parenting style you feel is most effective and why. • Discuss early childhood education and its influence on cognitive development. • Include at least two references. • Format your paper to APA standards.
This essay will explore how work by Bowlby has been modified in terms of how it has been developed in light of later research. This essay will look at how Bowlby’s work has raised questions around the importance the mother figure has on children’s development and how this might effect later life and how later research has addressed these questions. Ethological
Explain how early experience can affect brain mechanisms that influence stress tolerance in later life. Early experience can affect brain mechanisms that influence tolerance in later life because experience at the right stage or stages of development help determine strength/weakness of brain the structure which in turn determines how the individual will be able to think and regulate emotions. 5. Explain how individual maturation is controlled by social needs and group behavior. Individual maturation is controlled by social needs and group behavior.
In what ways does ‘Pathways Theory’ inform your understanding of how young people become involved in, and desist from, offending behaviour? Where possible make reference to your own practice. In this assignment I aim to discuss my understanding of ‘Pathways Theory’, its validity and furthermore the way in which it informs practice in predicting recidivism. Elder et al 2001 (cited in France and Homel, p.298) refers to ‘Pathways Theory’ as theoretical and empirical work in the field of life course studies and the developmental sciences, including developmental psychology, life span sociology and psychology, life history research and studies of the life cycle. I aim to highlight how ‘Pathways Theory’ influences the Youth Justice System coupled with the Scaled approach furthermore my knowledge and understanding of offending behaviour as a Youth Offending Officer within my practice, that of my team.
Discuss the influence of childhood and adolescence on adult relationships Psychologists have identified ways in which experiences in childhood and adolescence tend to influence adult relationships. John Bowlby (1982) was the first to suggest that the attachment styles we develop in early childhood affect future relationships. He said that based on experiences with the primary attachment figure individuals develop an internal working model, which is a cognitive framework of expectations to help understand and interact with the world, including future relationships. Sroufe and Fleeson (1986) elaborated that the internal working model includes the individual’s expectations of emotional experiences, how emotional discomfort is likely to be handled by the individual and the individual’s expectations of how reliable another person is likely to be. Adult relationships are therefore effected by the internal working model according to early attachment styles; this is a concept referred to as the continuity hypothesis, i.e.
Beyond that I would take the cognitive approach, specifically Albert Ellis’ Rational-Emotive Theory. I find it fascinating and clarifying to think that a person’s point of view or rationale regarding a situation decides how a situation affects them psychologically. I believe in parts of the psychoanalytic approach, as well. Specifically, I believe that a person’s childhood has a lot to do with why they think the way they do. I think that I would probably let a client say all they needed to say about their childhood then after that not let it take over the conversations further.
Attachment theory (John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth) The attachment theory is based on the collaboration of both John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. The theory describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans especially as in families and life-long friends. Bowlby basically said that early experiences in childhood have an important influence on development and behavior later in life. Our attachment styles evolve during childhood based on the relationships we have with our parent or caregiver. The attachment theory is a psychodynamic theory.