The participants were then tested in groups of three. Sherif manipulated the composition of the group by putting together two people whose estimate was very different. Each person had to say aloud how far they thought the light had moved. Sherif found that over several trials of the movement of light, the group converged to a common estimate. The person whose estimate of movement was greatly different to the other two in the group conformed to the view of the other two.
The con is used as a counter argument. By first showing that there are possible weaknesses to your argument and then disproving the opposing idea. The pro follows to reinforce the argument. 3. Sometimes a writer can get off track.
Exclusion, Hate, Bias, and Their Motivators Abstract The purpose of this paper and the research found within is to determine the motivations behind the judgment and assumptions that human beings make of others of whom they have not met, or have just been introduced to. It is often said that we decide how we feel about an individual within the first couple of minutes of meeting them. But why is that? Why are humans not completely unbiased towards strangers until they have some knowledge of the individual on a personal level? The research gathered by way of survey both confirmed what the literature review revealed, and gave the researcher and unexpected revelation based on the short-answer responses.
Asch’s Conformity Experiment Conformity refers to the tendency of a person to go a long with rules or behaviors of a social or larger group, even if it is believed that the behavior is wrong, because of a desire to fit in, be correct or be liked. There have been many researchers who have studied the power of conformity, including Solomon Asch whose experiments about line judgment are famous. In these experiments, Asch sets up a situation to see if study participants would conform to a task even though they realized that the outcome was wrong. However, it is likely that the Asch experiment results do not show an accurate view of conformity in our society today. Do you think Asch’s experiment shows an accurate view of conformity in our society today?
Loftus reveals several examples where people have been through incidents where their memory has failed to tell the truth. The experiment show how awful the results can be if the individual exposes inaccurate information. Loftus also demonstrates how memory is prone to error and that individuals can occasionally make errors in what they remember. One reason error occurs is that individual are having problems retrieving and storing information correctly. This mainly occurs because people do not pay close enough attention to the details around them.
Due to individual beliefs, there are three different approaches and treatments that Jake’s psychologist could recommend. If the psychologist uses a humanistic approach, which focuses on self-actualization and free will, he or she might suggest that Jake is freaking himself out. He might say that Jake has low self-confidence and is not studying enough. As treatment, Jake should study more and take practice tests after studying to boast his self-esteem and realize that he can understand and repeat the information he has learned. On the other hand, if a psychologist would take a behavioral approach, which focuses on behavioral responses, followed by enjoyable consequences being enforced or strengthened.
The 3 Waves of Doubt and the Simulation Argument Descate started questioning the foundations of our beliefs in order to see if they are immune from doubt. Instead of assorting things one by one, he decided to form groups and only then assort the groups. He did this by finding a base of some things and putting them together. Descartes starts the first argument by attacking the very basis of his beliefs, human senses. People learn their beliefs through their external and internal senses.
These assessments were provided randomly and a needed response format was utilized (2004). The researchers did place restrictions on the study due to the selected participant pool. The dispositions of the participants were noted of psychiatric history, mobility, response to treatment, potential for relapse, motivation to change, and potential legal issues (2004). Lin et al. utilized multiple methods to collect data from the participants.
When observing the solubility I asked Salowa to take a second glance at the iodine or zinc in the test tube, just incase I missed something. Likewise when Salowa was reading the graduated cylinder, I double-checked it to make sure we both agreed on the number. In a few cases we did not both agree on what the reading of the graduated cylinder was. In this case we called over a third person, Ardit, to read the graduated cylinder and see who he agreed with. This gave us accurate results by not having errors in our data.
However, unlike normative social influence, informational social influence often leads to a long lasting change in beliefs and attitudes. We often look at others as a guide on how to behave. A study that supports this is Ashs Majority Influence 1953 study into conformity. The aim of the study was to see whether participants would conform to a majority social influence and give an incorrect answer in a situation where the right answers were always obvious. Asch used seven male students and gave them two cards to look at, one with one vertical line on, the other with three vertical lines of different lengths.